Skeletal muscle loss is associated with diabetes in middle-aged and older Chinese men without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 4 Multivariate-adjusted associations of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (%) quartiles with diabetes mellitus in participants with or without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

	Male	Female
	OR (95%CI, P value)	OR (95%CI, P value)
	Non-NAFLD (n = 2658)
Unadjusted	0.635	0.770
	(0.548-0.736, < 0.001)	(0.682-0.870, < 0.001)
Model 1	0.403	0.581
	(0.221-0.735, 0.003)	(0.344-0.981, 0.042)
Model 2	0.455	0.807
	(0.246-0.842, 0.012)	(0.463-1.409, 0.452)
Model 3	0.330	0.800
	(0.157-0.694, 0.003)	(0.416-1.537, 0.503)
	NAFLD (n = 1311)
Unadjusted	0.789	0.845
	(0.650-0.956, 0.016)	(0.739-0.966, 0.014)
Model 1	1.259	0.508
	(0.542-2.924, 0.592)	(0.265-0.975, 0.042)
Model 2	1.954	0.710
	(0.788-4.851, 0.148)	(0.355-1.418, 0.332)
Model 3	1.328	1.106
	(0.435-4.055, 0.619)	(0.485-2.523, 0.810)

Model 1: Adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, diabetes family history, FM, FM × ASM% quartiles, and obesity. Model 2: Adjusted for covariates in Model 1 plus SBP, TG, and HDL-C. Model 3: Adjusted for covariates in Model 3 plus HOMA-IR. OR: Odds ratio; FM: Fat mass; ASM: Appendicular skeletal muscle mass; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance.