Thioredoxin interacting protein, a key molecular switch between oxidative stress and sterile inflammation in cellular response

Table 3 Summary of the in vivo studies

Ref.	Duration of Studies	Insult	TXNIP	NLRP3	CASP-1	IL-1β	TNF-a	NFKB	Casp-3	NY	Other markers
Mohamed et al[2], 2015	Rat retina, 10 wk	HFD	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	Acellular capillaries
Coucha et al[11], 2017	Mouse retina, 8 wk	HFD	+ mRNA								ER-stress, miR17-5p
Mohamed et al[41], 2020	Mouse retina, 8 wk	HFD	+	-	-	+					Leukostasis, acellular capillaries
Mohamed et al[58], 2018	Mouse liver, 8 wk	HFD	+	+	+	+	Trend	+			TLR2 signal +, fibrosis
Elshaer et al[40], 2017	Mouse sk. Muscle, 8 wk	HFD	+	-	+	+				+	Systemic IL-1b, vascular recovery
Coucha et al[33], 2019	Mouse-retina, 1-3 d, 14 d	I/R	+ protein + mRNA	+	+	+	+				Acellular capillary, visual acuity
El-Azab et al[19], 2014	Mouse-retina, 1-d	NMDA	+			+	+		+	+	Acellular capillary, neurodegeneration, ERG
Al-Gayyar et al[7], 2011	Rat-retina, 1-d	NMDA	+			+	+	+	+	+	Neurodegeneration
Ishrat et al[80],2015	Mouse; Brain	Embolicstroke	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	Neurological function, cerebral blood flow
Ismael et al[94], 2021	Mouse brain, 24 h	Stroke+ HG	+	=	+	+	+	+ trend			Hemorrhagic transformation
Wang et al[24], 2020	Rat brain, 7-d	Stroke	+	+	+	+		+			Pyroptosis, inflammation
Liu et al[97], 2020	Rat brain, 7 d	Stroke	+ mRNA + protein	+	-	+	+				Neurological deficit, inflamm
Gamdzyk et al[34], 2020	Rat pups brain, 24 h	Hyp-oxia	+	+	+	+					Microglial activation, TXNIP
Ding et al[21], 2016	Rat brain, 14 d	Thrombosis	+	+	+	+				+	ER- stress neural pyroptosis
Yin et al[29], 2021	Rat brain, 72 h	Stroke	+	+	+	+					Microglial activation, ROS
Tian et al[81], 2012	Rat brain, 24 h	Stroke	+								MAPK activation and Nrf2
Guo et al[3], 2018	Mice, 72 h	Stroke	+	+	+ active	+					Elevated ER stress, neurodegeneration
Hou et al[102], 2018	Rat brain, 24 h	Stroke	+	+		+					Nrf2 and NLRP3 through TXNIP
Cao et al[43], 2016	Mice brain, 24 h	Stroke	+	+		+					Neuro. deficit, BBB damage
Guo et al[3], 2016	Rat brain, 24 h	HG + stroke	+	+	+	+					Hemorrhagic transformation
Hua et al[83], 2015	Rat brain, 24 h	Stroke	+					+	+		Neurological deficit
Wang et al[98], 2015	Rat brain	Stroke	+	+	+	+					PPARγ, negative regulator of TXNIP
Li et al[20], 2015	Rat brain, 24 h	Stroke	+	+	+	+					ER stress mediates TXNIP activation

HFD: High fat diet; TXNIP: Thioredoxin interacting protein; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; BBB: Blood brain barrier.