Organophosphate pesticides and new-onset diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanisms to a possible therapeutic perspective

Table 2 Published human studies on the association between chronic organophosphate exposure and the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus

Ref.	Area	Pesticide	Exposure	Sample size	Association
Montgomery et al[12], 2008	United States	Organophosphate and organochlorine	Chronic	33457	Positive association with diabetes
Raafat et al[100], 2012	Egypt	Malathion	Chronic	98	Positive associations among blood malathion concentration, waist circumference and insulin resistance
Velmurugan et al[30], 2017	India	Organophosphate	Chronic	3080	Positive association between blood organophosphate residues and glycated hemoglobin levels
Velmurugan et al[90], 2020	India	Organophosphate and arsenic	Chronic	865	Positive associations of organophosphate and arsenic with diabetes, prediabetes and atherosclerosis