Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2021; 12(10): 1704-1718
Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1704
Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1704
Animal model | MetS parameters | Cardiovascular dysfunction | Ref. | ||||||
BW | BP | BG | IR | TG | HDL-C | ||||
Dogs | |||||||||
HFD dogs (80% of calories from fat, 5 wk) | ↑ | ↑ | ↔ | + | ND | ND | ↑ Heart rate; ↓ Myocardial oxygen delivery and metabolism; ↓ Cardiac index after exercising. ↑ Aortic pressure | Setty et al[51] and Dincer et al[73] | |
Rats | |||||||||
Sucrose-fed Wistar rats (68%, 7-10 wk) | ↔ | ND | ↔ | + | ND | ND | ↓ FS; + Systolic dysfunction | Dutta et al[68] | |
Sucrose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats (68%, 7-10 wk) | ↔ | ND | ↔ | + | ND | ND | ↔ Heart hypertrophy; ↓ FS; + Systolic dysfunction | Hintz et al[67], and Hintz and Ren[72] | |
Sucrose-fed Wistar rats (30%, 17-24 wk) | ↔ | ↑ | ND | + | ↑ | ↓ | ↔/↑ Heart rate; ↓ Ventricular pressure; ↑ Arrhythmia incidence after reperfusion | López-Acosta et al[56], and Carvajal and Baños[60] | |
Sucrose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats (32%, 10 wk) | ↑ | ND | ↑ | + | ↑ | ND | ↔ Heart hypertrophy; ↓ FS and EF; ↑ Septum dimension | Vasanji et al[52] | |
Sucrose-fed Wistar rats (30%, 24 wk) | ↑ | ↑ | ↔ | ND | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ Heart hypertrophy; + Systolic dysfunction; ↓ Cardiac cell contraction | Barrera-Lechuga et al[53] and Fernández-Miranda et al[70] | |
Sucrose-fed Wistar rats (30%, 35 wk) | ↑ | ↔ | ND | ND | ND | ND | ↔ Heart rate; ↔ Heart hypertrophy; ↓ FS | Paulino et al[65] | |
Sucrose-fed Wistar rats (30%, 16-18 wk) | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | + | ↑ | ND | + Systolic dysfunction | Balderas-Villalobos et al[69] | |
Sucrose-fed Wistar rats (20%, 8 wk) | ↑ | ND | ↔ | + | ↔ | ↓ | ↓ Heart rate; ↑ SAN rate variability; ↑ SAN fat deposits | Albarado-Ibañez et al[54] | |
Sucrose-fed Wistar rats (32%, 16 wk) | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | + | ↑ | ND | ↑ Heart rate; ↑ Heart hypertrophy; ↓ Heart contractility; ↑ Cardiomyocyte lipid deposits; ↑ Aortic pressure | Okatan et al[27,28] | |
Fructose-fed Wistar rats (10%, 3 wk) | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | + | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ Heart rate; ↑ Heart hypertrophy; ↓ FS; ↓ Heart contractility; + Systolic dysfunction; + Diastolic dysfunction; + LV hypertrophy; ↑ Arrhythmia incidence | Sommese et al[55] | |
HFD Long-Evans rats treated with STZ (40% lard, 21 wk) | ↑ | ↔ | ↑ | + | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ Heart rate; ↔ Heart hypertrophy; ↔ FS; ↑ Lipid in the myocardium; + Diastolic dysfunction | Koncsos et al[62] | |
Sucrose-fed Wistar rats (30%, 4 mo) | ↑ | ND | ↔ | + | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ Heart rate; ↔ Heart hypertrophy; + Diastolic dysfunction; ↑ Arrhythmia incidence | Romero-García et al[48] and Landa-Galvan et al[57] | |
Mice | |||||||||
Fructose-fed C57bl/6 mice (10%, 3 wk) | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | + | ND | ND | ↓ FS; + LV hypertrophy; + Systolic dysfunction | Federico et al[71] | |
HFD C57bl/6 mice (60% of calories from fat, 8 wk) | ↑ | ND | ↑ | ND | ↔ | ND | ↑ Heart rate; ↔ FS; ↑ Arrhythmia incidence | Sánchez et al[63] | |
HFD FVB-mice (45% of calories from fat, 5 mo) | ↑ | ↔ | ND | + | ND | ND | ↔ Heart rate; ↑ Heart hypertrophy; ↓ FS; + Systolic dysfunction | Dong et al[66] |
- Citation: Gaitán-González P, Sánchez-Hernández R, Arias-Montaño JA, Rueda A. Tale of two kinases: Protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12(10): 1704-1718
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v12/i10/1704.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1704