Diabetes-induced changes in cardiac voltage-gated ion channels

Table 1 Overview of diabetes mellitus-induced alterations in cardiac K⁺ currents

Diabetes Mellitus Type	Duration	Transient outward K+ currents		Delayed rectifier K+ currents		Inward rectifier K+ currents	Ref.
		Ito	Iss	IKr	IKs	IK1
Type 1	≤ 4 wk	↓	↓	?	↓	↔	[20,45,49,50,54,72,73,143-145]
	4-8 wk	↓	↓	↓↔	↓	↔	[19,21,29,40-43]
	> 8 wk	↓	↔	↓↔	↓	↓↔	[51,52,69]
Type 2		↓	↓	?	↓	↔	[30,39,49]