Range of adiposity and cardiorenal syndrome

Table 7 Major GLP-1 clinical trials and cardiorenal outcomes

Trial	n(follow-up)	BMI >30 %	eGFR %< 60 mL/min	CVD% vsHF%	DM2	CVO & RO (HR, significant)
LEADER[197] (liraglutide vs PBO)	9340 (3.8 yr)	61%	23.1%	81% vs 14% (NYHAII-III)	ALL	CVO12
						RO6: Reduction in progression to Macroalbuminuria
FIGHT[183] (liraglutide vs PBO)	300 (180 d)	50%	40%	100% vs 100%HFrEF (NYHAIII-IV)	59%	CVO:NS
						RO: Increase in cystatin C in the liraglutide group
SUSTAIN-6[198] (Semaglutide vs PBO)	3297 (2.1 yr)	64%	28.5%	83% vs 24%	ALL	CVO1245
						RO6: Reduction in progression to macroalbuminuria
EXSCEL[199] (exenatide-ER vs PBO)	14752 (3.2 yr)	63%	21.6%	73% vs 16%	ALL	CVO: NS; RO: NA
HARMONY OUTCOMES[200] (Albiglutide vs PBO)	9463 (1.6 yr)	62%	NA	100% vs 20%	ALL	CVO13; RO: NA
REWIND[201] (dulaglutide vs PBO)	9901 (5.4 yr)	46%	22%	31.5% vs 9% (NYHAII-III)	ALL	CVO14
						RO6: Reduction in Macroalbuminuria and eGFR (dulaglutide group)
PIONEER 6[202]	3183 (1.33 yr)	60%	26.9%%	85% vs 12%	ALL	CVO12 for noninferiority

¹Expanded composite cardiovascular outcome.

²Cardiovascular death.

³Non-fatal myocardial infarction.

⁴Non-fatal stroke.

⁵Revascularization.

⁶Composite Renal Outcomes (Composite new onset of macroalbuminuria, sustained decline in eGFR of ≥ 30%, a persistent doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD or new chronic renal replacement therapy comprising dialysis or renal transplantation, death attributable to renal causes). ⁶New macroalbuminuria or proteinuria. BMI: Body mass index; CVO: Cardiovascular outcomes; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; RO: Renal outcomes; O: Outcomes; DM2: Diabetes mellitus type 2; NA: Not available; PBO: Placebo; NS: Not significant; HR: Hazard ratio; CVD: Coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, endarterectomy carotid; HF: Heart failure.