Range of adiposity and cardiorenal syndrome

Table 4 Major studies onf the effect of bariatric surgery on renal outcomes

Authors	Year, countryFollow up	PatientsSurgical/control	Surgical procedure	Diabetes, CVD, RD	Outcomes
Serra et al[192]	2015, Spain (76 ± 42 mo)	92 vs none	GB	D2: 14%	No WRF
			Renal biopsy	Glomerulopathy 75%	A decrease in creatinine and albuminuria
					No progression (not related to glomerular lesions)
Neff et al[142]	201, France (1 and 5 yr)	190 vs 271	RYGB vs	D2: 39%. CVD:	Improvement in eGFR in both procedures
			LAGB	28%. CKD: 4%
					RYGB better in remission of hypertension
					RYGB better in diabetes
Nehus et al[143]	2017, United States	242 vs none	3 yr	D2: 12.6%	eGFR increased by 3.9 mL/min per 1.73 m2 for each 10-unit loss of BMI.
			RYGB 66.5%	Albuminuria: 17%
			SG: 27.7%		A decrease in ACR
			AGB: 5.8%
Wakamatsu[141]	2018, Japan	254	LSG 24	D2: 51%	Improvement of eGFRcys in mild CKD (eGFRcys ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2)
			LSG-DJB 94
			LRYGB 26
			LAGB 10
					NS: eGFRcys in moderate CKD (< 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2)
Solini et al[138]	2019, Italy	25 vs none	1 yr	No D2. No HTA	Improvement in mGFR
			RYGB		Improvement in a renal resistive index and correlates with mGFR
					Lowers carotid intima-media thickness
Inge et al[144]	2019, United States	Adoles vs adults	5 yr	D2: 14% vs 31%	HTA and D2 remissions are higher in adolescents than in adults. Rate of death (NS)
		161 vs 396	RYGB	HTA: 30% vs 61%

ACR: Albumin-creatinine ratio; AGB: Adjusted gastric banding; D2: Diabetes mellitus type 2; GB: Gastric bypass; L: Laparoscopic; LSG-DJB: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with duodenojejunal bypass; RYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; SG: Sleeve gastrectomy; mGFR: Medium glomerular filtration rate; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CVD: Coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, endarterectomy carotid; NS: Not significant.