Severity of the metabolic syndrome as a predictor of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients: A 15-year prospective cohort study

Table 1 Anthropometric, laboratory and clinical characteristics of first degree relatives of diabetes mellitus between normal and diabetic subjects in total population and sex difference

Variables	Total			Male			Female
	Diabetes (n = 78)	Normal (n = 630)	P value	Diabetes (n = 26)	Normal (n = 160)	P value	Diabetes (n = 52)	Normal (n = 470)	P value
Age (yr)	43.33 ± 6.15	42.01 ± 6.14	0.075	45.15 ± 7.33	42.83 ± 6.65	0.1	42.42 ± 5.31	41.71 ± 5.93	0.4
BMI (kg/m2)	29.33 ± 4.35	28.16 ± 4.20	0.02	27.6 ± 3.44	26.93 ± 3.64	0.38	30.16 ± 4.53	28.59 ± 4.31	0.01
Smoking, yes [n (%)]	2 (9.5%)	17 (8.03%)	0.84	1 (14.3%)	12 (25%)	0.53	1 (1.1%)	5 (2.3%)	0.43
Education (diploma and more)	33 (42.3%)	317 (51.5%)	0.12	13 (50%)	108 (68.8%)	0.06	20 (38.5%)	208 (45.5%)	0.33
WHR	0.83 ± 0.06	0.81 ± 0.07	0.01	0.9 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.05	0.62	0.8 ± 0.04	0.79 ± 0.05	0.04
Blood glucose 0 (mg/dL)	90.45 ± 6.92	87.05 ± 7.91	0.001	91.76 ± 5.58	87.79 ± 8.28	0.01	89.81 ± 7.45	86.8 ± 7.78	0.008
Blood glucose 30 (mg/dL)	143.92 ± 24.56	125.93 ± 24.91	0.001	144.32 ± 25.32	133.08 ± 27.98	0.06	143.73 ± 24.43	123.22 ± 23.14	0.001
Blood glucose 60 (mg/dL)	152.11 ± 34.83	121.58 ± 31.49	0.001	148.88 ± 38.67	129.25 ± 36.37	0.01	153.69 ± 33.06	118.74 ± 29.08	0.001
Blood glucose 120 (mg/dL)	108.93 ± 19.95	97.81 ± 21.05	0.001	102.93 ± 23.43	88.76 ± 22.44	0.003	111.88 ± 17.5	101.01 ± 19.6	0.001
HbA1c	5.2 ± 0.72	4.92 ± 0.78	0.006	5.28 ± 0.9	4.93 ± 0.63	0.03	5.16 ± 0.61	4.92 ± 0.82	0.05
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	181.42 ± 100.22	146.30 ± 81.10	0.001	203.48 ± 97.91	174.98 ± 96.79	0.17	170.6 ± 100.51	136.29 ± 72.42	0.002
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	203.44 ± 44.55	189.96 ± 38.65	0.005	201.28 ± 40.22	192.09 ± 37.63	0.26	204.5 ± 46.87	189.37 ± 38.93	0.01
HDL (mg/dL)	44.21 ± 10.6	45.33 ± 11.57	0.43	43.34 ± 11.3	40.96 ± 10.82	0.32	44.6 ± 10.36	46.85 ± 11.46	0.18
Systolic pressure (cmHg)	11.58 ± 1.63	11.26 ± 1.48	0.08	12.14 ± 1.61	11.52 ± 1.49	0.06	11.32 ± 1.59	11.17 ± 1.47	0.48
Diastolic pressure (cmHg)	7.45 ± 1.24	7.41 ± 1.12	0.76	7.62 ± 1.16	7.55 ± 1.16	0.87	7.38 ± 1.28	7.36 ± 1.1	0.94

Values are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HDL: High-density lipoproteins.