Fundamentals about onset and progressive disease character of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Values of glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity¹ for minimal models

Units	Control subjects	Type 2 diabetes	P value	Δ (%)	Compartment	Tracer	Ref.
SG
min-1	0.016 ± 0.001	0.010 ± 0.001	< 0.01	37.5	One	No	[13]
	0.020 ± 0.002	0.013 ± 0.001	< 0.05	35.0	One	No	[14]
	0.023 ± 0.012	0.016 ± 0.009	< 0.001	30.4	One	No	[15]2
h-1	1.20 ± 0.16	0.81 ± 0.11	< 0.001	32.5	One	No	[16]
	0.41 ± 0.04	0.33 ± 0.02	< 0.001	19.5	Two	13C	[16]
	0.52 ± 0.05	0.37 ± 0.02	< 0.001	28.8	Two	2H	[16]
SI
10-4·min-1· (mU/L)-1	11.8 ± 2.6	6.7 ± 0.8	< 0.01	43.2	One	No	[14]
	13.45 ± 11.12	5.31 ± 3.98	< 0.01	60.5	One	No	[15]2
pmol·L-1·(h-1)	0.0062 ± 0.0006	0.0019 ± 0.0006	< 0.01	69.4	One	No	[16]
	0.0082 ± 0.0012	0.0036 ± 0.0006	< 0.001	56.1	two	13C	[16]
	0.0098 ± 0.0013	0.0042 ± 0.0008	< 0.001	57.1	Two	2H	[16]

¹We used the conversion factor: 1 mU/L = 6.00 pmol/L;

²More than 10 years before the development of type 2 diabetes. S_G: Glucose effectiveness; S_I: Insulin sensitivity.