Empagliflozin alleviates podocytopathy and enhances glomerular nephrin expression in db/db diabetic mice

Table 5 The relationships of glycemic control indicators, plasma creatinine and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio with renal structural parameters

Parameter	Fructosamine	Glycated albumin	Plasma creatinine	UACR
Mesangial volume, VV	r = 0.69	r = 0.67	r = 0.57	r =0.81
	P = 0.0002	P = 0.0004	P = 0.004	P = 0.000002
Capillary volume, VV	r = 0.13	r = 0.11	r = 0.30	r = 0.05
	P > 0.05	P > 0.05	P > 0.05	P > 0.05
GBM width	r = 0.69	r = 0.69	r = 0.21	r = 0.53
	P = 0.0008	P = 0.007	P > 0.05	P = 0.02
Podocyte FPs, width	r = 0.62	r = 0.63	r = –0.15	r = 0.50
	P = 0.003	P = 0.003	P > 0.05	P = 0.03
Podocyte FPs, NA	r = –0.57	r = -0.58	r = 0.04	r = –0.25
	P = 0.008	P = 0.007	P > 0.05	P > 0.05
Nephrin-positive areas in glomeruli, VV	r = –0.68	r = –0.65	r = –0.51	r = –0.76
	P = 0.006	P = 0.009	P = 0.04	P = 0.001
TGF-β positive areas in glomeruli, VV	r = 0.65	r = 0.65	r = 0.09	r = 0.67
	P = 0.003	P = 0.002	P >0.05	P = 0.001

UACR: Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; GBM: Glomerular basement membrane; FPs: Foot processes; Vv: Volumetric density; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients are shown.