Empagliflozin alleviates podocytopathy and enhances glomerular nephrin expression in db/db diabetic mice

Table 1 Body weight and fat mass in db/db and db/+ mice

Parameter	Age in wk	Group
		Non-diabetic db/+ mice (n = 9)	db/db diabetic mice
			Vehicle (n = 10)	EMPA (n = 9)
Body weight (g)	8	26.8 (25.0-31.1)	37.1 (32.1–41.6)b	37.4 (28.5–41.5)b
	12	26.2 (23.5–28.2)	37.5 (35.8–40.5)b	46.2 (38.8–53.0)b,c
	16	24.8 (21.6–27.7)e	37.8 (34.3–40.4)b	52.6 (42.5–62.2)b,c,f
Fat mass (g)	8	3.1 (1.9–4.1)	18.3 (16.2–22.5)a	18.4 (13.5–20.6)b
	12	2.7 (1.9–3.3)	19.5 (17.0–22.7)b	25.3 (21.7–30.9)b,c
	16	2.7 (2.1–4.5)	19.6 (17.4–22.7)b	28.0 (22.2–35.3)a,d,e
Fat mass (%)	8	11.4 (8.5–16.1)	50.6 (46.6–55.3)b	49.3 (46.8–50.0)b
	12	10.7 (8.1–12.4)	52.5 (45.2–57.0)b	55.5 (51.5–58.3)b
	16	11.7 (7.6–13.2)	55.0 (42.5–62.8)b	53.4 (49.1–56.7)b

^aP< 0.01 vs non–diabetic control (db/+ mice, Mann-Whitney U-test).

^bP< 0.001 vs non–diabetic control (db/+ mice, Mann-Whitney U-test).

^cP< 0.01 vs placebo (Mann-Whitney U-test).

^dP< 0.001 vs placebo (Mann-Whitney U-test).

^eP< 0.01 vs wk 8 and 12 (ANOVA-χ² test).

^fP < 0.001 vs wk 8 and 12 (ANOVA-χ² test). Data are presented as medians (min–max values). EMPA: Empagliflozin.