Factors associated with improvement in waist-to-height ratio among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients treated with acarbose or metformin: A randomized clinical trial study

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients in different change of waist-to-height ratio groups treated with metformin

	High ΔWHtR	Low ΔWHtR	P value
n	157	176
Demographic characteristics
Age	51.34 ± 9.10	49.48 ± 9.24	0.043
Males/Females, n	84/73	116/60	0.025
Anthropometric measurements
Waist circumference, cm	90.64 ± 8.23	88.95 ± 8.19	0.063
Hip circumference	99.07 ± 7.43	98.38 ± 7.39	0.396
Body weight, kg	69.52 ± 10.61	71.40 ± 10.75	0.111
Body mass index, kg/m2	25.90 ± 2.60	25.59 ± 2.61	0.276
Glucose metabolism variables
HbA1c, %	7.56 ± 1.23	7.60 ± 1.19	0.758
FPG, mmol/L	8.44 ± 1.41	8.45 ± 1.43	0.924
PPG, mmol/L	12.51 ± 3.00	12.50 ± 2.97	0.975
Blood pressure and lipid profile
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	124.53 ± 12.25	123.02 ± 13.85	0.293
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	79.99 ± 6.37	78.16 ± 9.12	0.035
TC, mmol/L	5.30 ± 1.21	5.17 ± 1.04	0.267
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.24 ± 0.30	1.24 ± 0.33	0.846
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.11 ± 0.96	2.97 ± 0.89	0.160
NHDL-C, mmol/L	4.06 ± 1.21	3.92 ± 1.02	0.254
HDL-C/NHDL-C	0.32 (0.25 to 0.40)	0.30 (0.24 to 0.38)	< 0.001
TG, mmol/L	2.00 (1.43-2.79)	1.90 (1.27-3.86)	0.293
Hormones and insulin sensitivity
FINS, μIU/mL	11.35 (7.76 to 20.75)	12.48 (7.24 to 24.11)	0.361
HOMA-β	48.27 (31.02 to 72.20)	56.43 (28.51 to 76.43)	0.417
I30/G30	2.39 (1.13 to 4.46)	2.72 (0.97 to 4.49)	0.609
AUCinsulin, μIU/L × min	4.57 (3.20 to 6.18)	4.58 (3.06 to 6.86)	0.424
AUCGLP-1, nmol × min	3.10 (1.75 to 5.03)	2.61 (1.64 to 4.27)	0.076
HOMA-IR	4.34 (2.68 to 6.00)	4.30 (2.74 to 6.93)	0.165
WBISI	69.45 (50.39 to 103.22)	66.16 (43.84 to 98.52)	0.031

WHtR: Change of waist-to-height ratio; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-C/non-HDL-C: HDL-C-to-non-HDL-C ratio; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PPG: Postprandial plasma glucose; FINS: Fasting plasma insulin; HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment-; IR: Insulin resistance; WBISI: Whole body insulin sensitivity index; AUC: Area under the curve; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1.