Factors associated with improvement in waist-to-height ratio among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients treated with acarbose or metformin: A randomized clinical trial study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in different change of waist-to-height ratio groups treated with acarbose

	High ΔWHtR	Low ΔWHtR	P value
n	178	165
Demographic characteristics
Age, yr	51.80 ± 8.83	49.43 ± 9.36	0.016
Males/Females, n	99/79	110/55	0.046
Anthropometric measurements
Waist circumference, cm	90.61 ± 8.36	88.16 ± 8.27	0.007
Hip circumference, cm	100.38 ± 7.68	97.52 ± 7.05	< 0.001
Body weight, kg	69.98 ± 10.84	70.41 ± 10.08	0.701
Body mass index, kg/m2	25.83 ± 2.70	25.46 ± 2.49	0.193
Glucose metabolism variables
HbA1c, %	7.44 ± 1.10	7.54 ± 1.40	0.437
FPG, mmol/L	8.27 ± 1.34	8.18 ± 1.45	0.561
PPG, mmol/L	12.54 ± 2.59	12.70 ± 3.16	0.608
Blood pressure and lipid profile
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	124.08 ± 12.44	122.85 ± 13.45	0.379
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	79.06 ± 8.95	79.48 ± 9.06	0.665
TC, mmol/L	5.20 ± 1.06	5.30 ± 1.13	0.363
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.24 ± 0.28	1.23 ± 0.30	0.683
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.10 ± 0.86	3.11 ± 0.93	0.943
NHDL-C, mmol/L	3.96 ± 1.01	4.08 ± 1.10	0.292
HDL-C/NHDL-C	0.32 (0.25 to 0.40)	0.30 (0.24 to 0.38)	0.324
TG, mmol/L	1.69 (1.15-2.35)	1.88 (1.36-2.78)	0.020
Hormones and insulin sensitivity
FINS, μIU/mL	11.17 (7.48 to 16.01)	10.30(6.38 to 15.85)	0.012
I30/G30	2.44 (1.12 to 4.40)	2.78 (0.87 to 4.62)	0.012
HOMA-β	48.31 (29.04 to 75.66)	46.49 (27.61 to 72.66)	0.195
AUCinsulin, μIU/L × min	4.71 (3.28 to 6.54)	4.33 (3.06 to 5.65)	0.300
AUCGLP-1, nmol × min	2.41 (1.96 to 4.06)	3.24 (1.96 to 5.19)	0.001
HOMA-IR	4.00 (2.55 to 6.36)	3.58 (2.25 to 6.02)	0.003
WBISI	68.43 (49.29 to 100.96)	78.34 (51.86 to 119.52)	0.610

WHtR: Change of waist-to-height ratio; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-C/non-HDL-C: HDL-C-to-non-HDL-C ratio; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PPG: Postprandial plasma glucose; FINS: Fasting plasma insulin; HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment-; IR: Insulin resistance; WBISI: Whole body insulin sensitivity index; AUC: Area under the curve; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1.