Diabetes empowerment scores among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its correlated factors: A cross-sectional study in a primary care setting in Malaysia

Table 6 Predictor of total empowerment scores among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using multiple linear regressions

Variables	Unstandardized coefficients	t	Sig.	95%CI for B
	Beta			Lower bound	Upper bound
Those without ischemic heart disease	5.621	2.409	0.017	1.03	10.212
Those with secondary education level and above	16.023	6.263	< 0.001	10.99	21.057
HbA1c level	-1.403	-3.668	< 0.001	-2.155	-0.65
Those received DM education exposure	6.301	3.026	0.003	2.204	10.399
Smoker status	-1.157	-0.685	0.494	-4.481	2.168
Hypertension status	1.866	1.098	0.273	-1.444	5.092

Dependent Variable: Total DES; Beta is coefficient of the gradient of the regression line and the strength of the relationship between a predictor and the outcome variable; t is t-statistic tests; Sig is P value. DM: Diabetes mellitus; DES: Diabetes empowerment scores; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.