Diabetes empowerment scores among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its correlated factors: A cross-sectional study in a primary care setting in Malaysia

Table 5 The correlation between clinical profiles with total diabetes empowerment scores and subscales among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Variables	Total diabetes empowerment score			Managing the psychosocial aspect of diabetes			Assessing dissatisfaction and readiness to change			Setting and achieving diabetes goal
	Coefficient correlation	Median rank	P value	Coefficient correlation	Median rank	P value	Coefficient correlation	Median rank	P value	Coefficient correlation	Median rank	P value
Diabetes Duration1 (yr)	-0.016		0.774	-0.1		0.857	0.011		0.847	-0.055		0.324
Diabetes education exposure2			0.004			0.01			0.001			0.05
Yes		168.43			167.59			169.72			168.18
No		129.97			133.8			126.38			131.1
Compliance to treatment2			0.326			0.538			0.284			0.241
Yes		162.5			162.11			162.59			162.68
No		135.63			145.67			133.38			131.04
BMI3 (kg/m2)			0.568			0.96			0.605			0.938
Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese
Hypertension status2			0.11			0.478			0.707			0.052
Yes		155.53			158.82			160.06			154.11
No		172.6			166.32			165.1			174.81
Dyslipidemia status2			0.789			0.371			0.679			0.341
Yes		162.27			164.02			162.69			158.8
No		159.01			153.35			157.66			170.24
Ischemic heart disease status2			0.004			0.011			0.104			0.001
Yes		122.83			128.32			139.83			118.65
No		167.3			166.48			164.75			167.93
Asthma status2			0.69			0.265			0.829			0.4
Yes		167.95			179.08			158.02			174.92
No		160.84			159.69			161.86			160.12

¹Indicates Spearman’s test was used.

²Indicates Mann Whitney test was used.

³Indicates Kruskal Wallis was used. BMI: Body mass index.