Prospective study of total and various types of vegetables and the risk of metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents

Table 3 Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) for metabolic syndrome across quartiles of total and various types of vegetable consumption: Tehran lipid and glucose study

	Quartiles of total- and various types of vegetable consumption				P value forTrend1
	1	2	3	4
Total vegetables
Median intake, g/d	104	179	265	441
Range of intake, g/d	≤ 146	147-217	218-343	≥ 350
Model 1	1	0.66 (0.30-1.47)	0.54 (0.23–1.25)	0.42 (0.17–0.92)	0.06
Model 2	1	0.54 (0.21-1.46)	0.42 (0.16-1.07)	0.36 (0.14-0.94)	0.04
Model 3	1	0.53 (0.20-1.46)	0.41 (0.15-1.10)	0.35 (0.13-0.95)	0.04
Allium vegetables
Median intake, g/d	2.7	10.8	22.8	51.5
Range of intake, g/d	≤6.2	6.3-17.3	17.4-30.5	≥ 30.6
Model 1	1	0.68 (0.31-1.47)	0.44 (0.19-1.05)	0.34 (0.13-0.87)	0.024
Model 2	1	0.55 (0.23-1.31)	0.27 (0.11-0.74)	0.21 (0.11-0.64)	0.006
Model 3	1	0.56 (0.24-1.32)	0.35 (0.13-0.89)	0.27 (0.14-0.75)	0.012
Green leafy vegetables
Median intake, g/d	9.1	17.6	27.3	54.4
Range of intake, g/d	≤13.5	13.6-21.3	21.4-38.3	≥ 38.4
Model 1	1	0.42 (0.18-0.98)	0.32 (0.13- 0.80)	0.58 (0.26-1.27)	0.37
Model 2	1	0.40 (0.16-1.02)	0.32 (0.12-0.89)	0.81 (0.32-2.01)	0.98
Model 3	1	0.42 (0.16-1.11)	0.40 (0.13-0.91)	1.12 (0.39-3.19)	0.51
Fruity vegetables
Median intake, g/d	42	93	145	263
Range of intake, g/d	≤ 69	70-115	116-211	≥ 212
Model 1	1	0.61 (0.25-1.47)	0.61 (0.25–1.47)	1.08 (0.49–2.37)	0.69
Model 2	1	0.65 (0.25-1.65)	0.64 (0.25-1.65)	1.01 (0.38-2.68)	0.34
Model 3	1	0.71 (0.27-1.87)	0.84 (0.32-2.23)	1.65 (0.57-4.80)	0.44
Root vegetables
Median intake, g/d	2.1	7.3	10.0	34.4
Range of intake, g/d	≤ 4.2	4.3-9.9	10.0-21.9	≥ 22.0
Model 1	1	0.57 (0.20-1.64)	2.23 (0.99-5.03)	1.11 (0.45-2.74)	0.89
Model 2	1	0.72 (0.24-2.12)	1.74 (0.72-4.17)	1.13 (0.43-2.97)	0.87
Model 3	1	0.68 (0.22-2.07)	1.88 (0.75-4.72)	1.45 (0.50-4.13)	0.51
Stalk vegetables
Median intake, g/d	0.0	0.2	1.0	2.5
Range of intake, g/d	≤ 0.00	0.1-0.5	0.6-1.1	≥ 1.2
Model 1	1	0.57 (0.24-1.36)	0.54 (0.23-1.29)	0.88 (0.40-1.94)	0.86
Model 2	1	0.52 (0.20-1.36)	0.51 (0.20-1.31)	1.09 (0.46-2.58)	0.51
Model 3	1	0.61 (0.23-1.62)	0.57 (0.21-1.51)	1.32 (0.52-3.34)	0.34
Potatoes
Median intake, g/d	2.4	10.3	20.7	36.3
Range of intake, g/d	≤4.8	4.9-10.4	10.5-20.8	≥ 20.9
Model 1	1	0.69 (0.32-1.50)	0.97 (0.41- 2.28)	0.80 (0.32-1.99)	0.84
Model 2	1	0.54 (0.23- 1.27)	0.86 (0.34-2.21)	0.68 (0.25-1.85)	0.72
Model 3	1	0.58 (0.23-1.44)	1.03 (0.38- 2.76)	0.55 (0.17-1.68)	0.54
Starchy vegetables
Median intake, g/d	1.9	4.7	8.2	18.2
Range of intake, g/d	≤ 3.3	3.4-5.8	5.-12.6	≥ 12.7
Model 1	1	0.91 (0.39-2.11)	1.0 (0.44-2.27)	0.66 (0.27-1.62)	0.36
Model 2	1	0.92 (0.37-2.31)	0.93 (0.38-2.26)	0.60 (0.22-1.62)	0.29
Model 3	1	0.99 (0.38-2.56)	0.80 (0.30-2.13)	0.80 (0.26-2.45)	0.41
Cabbage
Median intake, g/d	0.0	1.9	6.2	15.3
Range of intake, g/d	≤ 0.0	0.1 – 3.1	3.2-6.2	≥ 6.3
Model 1	1	0.74 (0.36-1.52)	1.12 (0.40-3.14)	0.54 (0.21-1.38)	0.18
Model 2	1	0.79 (0.36-1.71)	1.25 (0.42-3.79)	0.51 (0.18-1.45)	0.07
Model 3	1	0.94 (0.42-2.10)	1.50 (0.48-4.69)	0.56 (0.18-1.71)	0.09

¹The median intake of each quartile category was assigned, and these quartile median variables were included as a continuous variable in logistic regression. Model 1 was crude. Model 2 was adjusted for age at baseline, gender, physical activity at baseline, family history of diabetes, total energy intake at baseline, and cholesterol intake at baseline. Model 3 was additionally adjusted for body mass index at baseline. CI: Confidence interval.