Prevention of macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Review of cardiovascular safety and efficacy of newer diabetes medications

Table 2 Summary of cardiovascular outcome trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2-inhibitors

Drug	EMPA-REG outcome	CANVAS	DECLARE-TIMI 58
	Empagliflozin	Canagliflozin	Dapagliflozin
Study Design and salient features	Enrolled 7028 patients with T2DM and established CV disease; 100% subjects with established CV disease; DM duration: 57% > 10 yr and 25.1% 5-10 yr; Median follow up 3.1 yr	Enrolled 9734 patients with T2DM and either established CV disease or high risk of CV disease; 65.6% subjects with established CV disease; Mean DM duration 13.5 yr; Mean follow up 188.2 wk	Enrolled 17160 patients with T2DM and with variable CV risks; 40.5% subjects with established CV disease; Median DM duration 11 yr; Median follow up of 4.2 yr
Primary endpoint/MACE	14% reduction in MACE in pooled empagliflozin group	14% reduction in MACE	No significant difference in MACE
Secondary Outcomes	35% reduction in hospitalization for heart failure1; 38% reduction in death from CV causes; 32% reduction in all-cause mortality	33% reduction in hospitalization for heart failure; No significant difference in death from CV causes; No significant difference in all-cause mortality	27% reduction in hospitalization for heart failure; No significant difference in death from CV causes; No significant difference in all-cause mortality

¹Heart failure hospitalization risk reduction results were similar in patients with and without CHF at baseline. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CV: Cardiovascular; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events, a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke.