Novel pharmacological therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with established cardiovascular disease: Current evidence

Table 2 Summary of the results of the most important Randomized Controlled Trials prior to the new classes of antidiabetic medications

Study	Effects on microvascular complications	Effects on macrovascular complications	Effect on total mortality
DCCT[10] (1993), T1DM	Reduced retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy	No difference on major cardiovascular and peripheral vascular events	No difference
UKPDS[9] (1998)	Reduced microvascular endpoints	No difference on myocardial infarctions	No difference
ACCORD[14] (2008)	Reduced retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy	No difference on MACE	Increased mortality
ADVANCE[11] (2008)	Reduced nephropathy	No effect on MACE	No difference
VADT[12] (2009)	Reduced progression of albuminuria	No effects on major cardiovascular events	No difference

Note the lack of difference in macrovascular complications despite reduced microvascular complications, which is consistent among all studies. MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; DCCT: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; UKPDS: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study; ACCORD: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes; ADVANCE: Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation; VADT: Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.