Targeted genotyping for the prediction of celiac disease autoimmunity development in patients with type 1 diabetes and their family members

Table 4 Univariate and multiple regression models: Factors related to celiac disease autoimmunity in first degree relatives of participants with type 1 diabetes

	Estimate	Se	Lower limit	Upper limit	Z stat	P-value
Univariate model (exchangeable correlation)
White	1.26	0.88	-0.47	2.98	1.43	0.154
Female	0.5433	0.3674	-0.1768	1.2635	1.48	0.1392
Age	-0.0046	0.0097	-0.0236	0.0144	-0.47	0.6355
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms	0.2551	0.3395	-0.4103	0.9206	0.75	0.4524
Extraintestinal (EX) symptoms	-0.3748	0.4596	-1.2756	0.526	-0.82	0.4148
Both GI and EX symptoms	-0.2715	0.5305	-1.3113	0.7682	-0.51	0.6087
No GI or EX symptoms	-0.085	0.3419	-0.7551	0.5851	-0.25	0.8036
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) DQ2-DR3 Heterozygous	0.4255	0.383	-0.3251	1.1761	1.11	0.2666
HLA DQ2-DR3 Homozygous	0.8042	0.7654	-0.696	2.304	1.05	0.2934
HLA DQ2-DR7 Heterozygous	-0.0376	0.6636	-1.3382	1.263	-0.06	0.9548
HLA DQ2-DR3/DR7 Homozygous	1.02	0.715	-0.381	2.42	1.43	0.153
HLA DQ8	-0.0981	0.4058	-0.8934	0.6972	-0.24	0.809
HLA DQ2-DR3/DQ8	0.9272	0.472	0.0021	1.8523	1.96	0.0495A
HLA DQ2/DQ8 Negative	-2.1836	1.0232	-4.1891	-0.1781	-2.13	0.0328B
HLA DQ2 Heterozygous	0.3561	0.388	-0.4043	1.1166	0.92	0.3586
HLA DQ2 Homozygous	0.6842	0.5435	-0.3811	1.7495	1.26	0.2081
Haptoglobin genotype (HP) 1-1	0.2901	0.4341	-0.5607	1.1409	0.67	0.5039
HP 2-1	0.6823	0.3429	0.0103	1.3544	1.99	0.0466C
HP 2-2	-1.0763	0.4252	-1.9096	-0.2429	-2.53	0.0114D
Any HP2	-0.29	0.434	-1.141	0.561	-0.67	0.503
First degree relative (FDR) with CDceliac disease (CD)	1.6768	0.3809	0.9303	2.4233	4.4	<.0001E
FDR with thyroid disease	-0.503	0.4849	-1.4533	0.4473	-1.04	0.2995
FDR with other autoimmune disease	0.6817	0.3606	-0.025	1.3884	1.89	0.0587
CD in other relative	0.5217	0.7115	-0.8728	1.9161	0.73	0.4634
Multiple regression model (independence working correlation)
Intercept	-2.8829	0.404	-3.6746	-2.0912	-7.14	< 0.0001
HLA DQ2-DR3/DQ8	0.9407	0.5381	-0.1139	1.9953	1.75	0.0804
HLA DQ2/DQ8 Negative	-1.9348	1.0275	-3.9487	0.0791	-1.88	0.0597
HP 2-1	0.0804	0.4492	-0.8001	0.9609	0.18	0.858
HP 2-2	-1.0149	0.563	-2.1185	0.0886	-1.8	0.0715
FDR with CD	2.3635	0.7576	0.8787	3.8483	3.12	0.0018F
FDR with other autoimmune disease	-0.8269	0.7245	-2.2468	0.5932	-1.14	0.2538

Significant findings indicated by superscripts. T1D: Type 1 diabetes; FDRs: First-degree relatives; CD: Celiac disease; CDA: Celiac disease autoimmunity; GI sx: Gastrointestinal symptoms; Ex sx: Extraintestinal symptoms; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; HP: Haptoglobin genotype.