Targeted genotyping for the prediction of celiac disease autoimmunity development in patients with type 1 diabetes and their family members

Table 3 Univariate and multiple regression models: Factors related to celiac disease autoimmunity in participants with type 1 diabetes

	Estimate	Se	Lower limit	Upper limit	Z stat	P-value
Univariate Model (exchangeable correlation)
Female	0.6562	0.5151	-0.3534	1.6659	1.27	0.2027
Age	-0.0314	0.0152	-0.0611	-0.0017	-2.07	0.0383A
Onset of T1D	-0.0658	0.0342	-0.1329	0.0013	-1.92	0.0546
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms	-0.5812	0.491	-1.5435	0.3811	-1.18	0.2365
Extraintestinal (EX) symptoms	-0.9204	0.6391	-2.1731	0.3323	-1.44	0.1498
Both GI and EX symptoms	-0.4724	0.6385	-1.7239	0.7791	-0.74	0.4594
No GI or EX symptoms	0.9074	0.4931	-0.059	1.8737	1.84	0.0657
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) DQ2-DR3 Heterozygous	-0.7402	0.7571	-2.2241	0.7437	-0.98	0.3282
HLA DQ2-DR3 Homozygous	0.7843	0.67	-0.5332	2.1019	1.17	0.2433
HLA DQ2-DR7 Heterozygous	0.028	1.0649	-2.0592	2.1152	0.03	0.979
HLA DQ8	-0.3975	0.5234	-1.4233	0.6283	-0.76	0.4475
HLA DQ2-DR3/DQ8	0.2767	0.4814	-0.6668	1.2203	0.57	0.5654
HLA DQ2-DR7/DQ8	2.4851	0.6507	1.2098	3.7604	3.82	0.0001B
HLA DQ2 Heterozygous	-0.575	0.6367	-1.823	0.6729	-0.9	0.3665
HLA DQ2 Homozygous	0.6192	0.666	-0.6862	1.9246	0.93	0.3525
Haptoglobin genotype (HP) 1-1	-0.6932	0.7671	-2.1967	0.8104	-0.9	0.3662
HP 2-1	0.1539	0.4414	-0.7112	1.0191	0.35	0.7273
HP 2-2	0.1525	0.4422	-0.7141	1.0192	0.34	0.7301
Any HP2	0.693	0.767	-0.81	2.197	0.9	0.366
First degree relative (FDR) with celiac disease (CD)	1.4091	0.6188	0.1962	2.622	2.28	0.0228C
FDR with Type 1 diabetes (T1D)	0.0724	0.557	-1.0193	1.1641	0.13	0.8966
FDR with thyroid disease	0.7839	0.4619	-0.1215	1.6892	1.7	0.0897
FDR with other autoimmune disease	1.1634	0.4432	0.2947	2.0321	2.62	0.0087D
CD in another relative	0.4136	0.6598	-0.8796	1.7068	0.63	0.5307
Multiple Regression Model (independence working correlation)
Intercept	-3.3213	0.927	-5.1383	-1.5043	-3.58	0.0003
Age	-0.0121	0.019	-0.0494	0.0252	-0.64	0.5246
Onset of T1D	-0.0396	0.0425	-0.1229	0.0436	-0.93	0.3509
DQ2-DR7/DQ8	2.4131	0.8401	0.7666	4.0596	2.87	0.0041E
No GI or EX symptoms	1.1905	0.6566	-0.0963	2.4774	1.81	0.0698
FDR with CD	0.6927	1.3443	-1.9421	3.3274	0.52	0.6064
FDR with thyroid disease	-0.8976	1.6214	-4.0756	2.2804	-0.55	0.5799
FDR with other autoimmune disease	1.9765	1.7861	-1.5241	5.4771	1.11	0.2685

Significant findings indicated by superscripts. T1D: Type 1 diabetes; FDRs: First-degree relatives; CD: Celiac disease; CDA: Celiac disease autoimmunity; GI sx: Gastrointestinal symptoms; Ex sx: Extraintestinal symptoms; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; HP: Haptoglobin genotype.