Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance in obese children and adolescents

Table 2 Anthropometrics, lipids, and glucose parameters of 165 overweight children with normal glucose tolerance at baseline separated to glucose metabolism 1 year later (data as mean ± SD or percentage)

	Remaining in normal glucose	Status of metabolism	P value comparison baseline and 1 year later	Converting to glucose	Impaired tolerance
n	146		-	19
Gender	64% female		-	79% female
	baseline	1 year later		baseline	1 year later
Age (years)	13.6 ± 2.0	14.6 ± 2.0	< 0.001	13.7 ± 2.6	14.7 ± 2.6
Pubertal stage	86% pubertal	90% pubertal	0.368	53% pubertal	89% pubertal
Weight (kg)	83.4 ± 16.7	88.6 ± 17.8	< 0.001	84.3 ± 22.3	90.1 ± 20.5
Height (cm)	164.0 ± 9.9	166.6 ± 12.1	< 0.001	161.6 ± 11.8	165.9 ± 9.5
BMI (kg/m²)	30.9 ± 5.0	31.5 ± 5.0	0.201	32.0 ± 6.6	32.6 ± 6.5
SDS-BMI	2.43 ± 0.59	2.42 ± 0.67	0.559	2.57 ± 0.72	2.61 ± 0.65
Waist circumference (cm)	97 ± 13	97 ± 12	0.18	100 ± 20	104 ± 14
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	119 ± 12	117 ± 11	0.219	117 ± 11	128 ± 17
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	70 ± 11	71 ± 10	0.887	68 ± 10	74 ± 10
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	115 ± 65	124 ± 69	0.069	117 ± 65	154 ± 82
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	52 ± 14	51 ± 13	0.485	53 ± 13	57 ± 17
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	96 ± 31	95 ± 28	0.983	104 ± 32	103 ± 29
Glucose (mg/dL)	86 ± 8	87 ± 10	0.586	83 ± 7	87 ± 9
2 h glucose in oGTT (mg/dL)	113 ± 16	110 ± 15	0.116	116 ± 16	146 ± 7
Insulin (mU/L)	23 ± 15	22 ± 14	0.835	20 ± 10	25 ± 12
HOMA	4.6 ± 3.3	4.7 ± 3.2	0.982	4.1 ± 2.0	5.4 ± 2.5
HbA1c (%)	5.5 ± 0.7	5.4 ± 0.5	0.414	5.6 ± 0.9	5.5 ± 0.3

All parameters measured in fasting status except 2 h glucose in oral glucose tolerance test. oGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; BMI: body mass index; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment.