Surrogate markers of insulin resistance: A review

Table 2 Various derived surrogate markers of insulin resistance

S No	Method	Measurement	Comments
1	Matsuda index	10 000/√ (fasting G × fasting I) (mean G × mean I)	Represents both hepatic and peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin
2	Gutt index	75 000 + (G0 - G120) (mg/dL) × 0.19 × BW/120 × Gmean(0, 120) (mmol/L) × Log [Imean(0, 120)] (mU/L)	Good to predict onset of type 2 diabetes
3	Stumvoll index	0.156 - 0.0000459 × I120 (pmol/L) – 0.000321 × I0 (pmol/L) – 0.00541 × G120 (mmol/L)	Utilizes demographic data like age, sex and BMI along with plasma glucose and insulin to predict insulin sensitivity
4	Avignon index	Sib = 108/[I0 (mU/L) × G0 (mmol/L) × VD) Si2h = 108/(I120 (mU/L) × G120 (mmol/L) × VD]	Determines glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in single test
5	Oral glucose insulin sensitivity index	G and I concentrations from a 75 g OGTT at 0, 2, and 3 h (3 h OGTT) or at 0, 1.5, and 2 h (2 h OGTT). The formula includes six constants
6	Log (HOMA-IR)	Evaluates insulin resistance in insulin-resistant states like glucose intolerance and mild to moderate diabetes

Sib: Derived from fasting plasma insulin and glucose; Si2h: Derived from fasting plasma insulin and glucose ant 2 h of OGTT; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test.