Opioid-sparing effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on surgical outcomes after open colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol

Table 1 Perioperative pain control regimen

Preoperative period	1 tablet of acetaminophen 500 mg
	± 1 tablet of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (either celecoxib 400 mg, etoricoxib 90 mg or etoricoxib 120 mg)
Intraoperative period	Balanced general anesthesia
	Application of atraumatic O-ring wound retractor (if available)
Postoperative period	Infiltration of 0.5% bupivacaine into fascial layer and muscle around the wound edge
	1 tablet of acetaminophen 500 mg every 6 h in the first 3 d
	± 1 tablet of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor daily for 5-7 d
	Intravenous patient-controlled morphine (or tramadol) or intermittent intravenous morphine if pain score > 3