Epigenetic reduction of DNA repair in progression to gastrointestinal cancer

Table 5 Epigenetic ↑ or ↓ miRNAs, altered in cancers, targeting DNA repair genes

Specific miRNA	DNA repair gene targets	Cancers affected (frequency if measured)	References indicating epigenetic control of miRNA	References indicating target gene(s) of miRNAs	References indicating cancer type(s) affected
miR-103 miR-107	RAD51, RAD51D	Osteosarcoma, lung, endometrial, stomach	[100]	[101]	[101]
miR-34c	UNG	Gastric (70%) field defect gastric (27%) colon (98%) field defect colon (60%) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (18%) small-cell lung cancer (67%) NSCLC (26%)	[102,104]	[103]	[102,105,106]
miR-31	PARP1MLH1SMUG1MMS19	Esophagus (47%) colon	[72]	[21]	[71,107,108]
miR-124	KU70	Colon	[109]	[110]	[109]
miR-155	RAD51MLH1MSH2MSH6	Breast Colon	[90,111]	[23,112]	[23,90]
let-7a repression increases HMGA2; HMGA2 alters chromatin architecture of and represses ERCC1)	ERCC1	(Colon) Anaplastic astrocytoma	[90]	[92,113]	[113]
Let-7b repression increases HMGA1; HMGA1 targets P53	P53	Prostate Colon	[90]	[114,115]	[114,115]
miR-182	BRCA1NBNRAD17	Breast Colon	[116]	[117,118]	[107,117,119]