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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2014; 6(5): 112-120
Published online May 15, 2014. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112
Published online May 15, 2014. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112
Stage | Tumor | Node | Metastasis | Therapeutic options |
0 | Tis | N0 | M0 | Local ablative therapy |
I | T1 | N0 | M0 | Surgery |
IIA | T2 | N0 | M0 | Surgery |
T3 | N0 | M0 | ||
IIB | T1 | N1 | M0 | Neoadjuvant therapy with or without surgery |
T2 | N1 | M0 | ||
III | T3 | N1 | M0 | Neoadjuvant therapy with or without surgery |
T4 | Any N | M0 | ||
IVA | Any T | Any N | M1a | Chemotherapy or radiation therapy with or without surgery |
IVB | Any T | Any N | M1b | Palliative treatment |
- Citation: Napier KJ, Scheerer M, Misra S. Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6(5): 112-120
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v6/i5/112.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112