Current oncologic applications of radiofrequency ablation therapies

Table 4 Studies involving survival using radiofrequency ablation for primary lung tumors and metastases

Ref.	Patients	Range tumor size (cm)	Mean tumor size (cm)	Complete coagulation necrosis n (%)	Resection	Assessment of cell viability	Complications
Burak et al[38]	10	0.8-1.6	1.2	9 (90)	Delayed	HE CK8/18	None
Singletary et al[40]	29	≤ 2.0	-	25 (86)	Immediate	HE NADH-diaphorase	1 skin burn
Oura et al[41]	52	0.5-2.0	1.3	52 (100)	Delayed	NR	1 skin burn
Khatri et al[64]	15	0.8-1.5	1.28	13 (93)	Immediate	HE NADH-diaphorase	2 skin puckering
Noguchi et al[65]	10	0.5-2.0	1.1	10 (100)	Immediate	HE NADH-diaphorase	None
Fornage et al[66]	20	0.6-2.0	1.2	21 (100)	Immediate	HE NADH-diaphorase	None
Hayashi et al[67]	22	0.5-2.6	0.9 (median)	19 (86)	Delayed	HE NADH-diaphorase	1 skin burn
Izzo et al[68]	26	0.7-3.0	1.8	25 (96)	Immediate	HE NADH-diaphorase	1 skin burn

NR: Not reported; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin stain; NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.