Detecting plasma SHOX2, HOXA9, SEPTIN9, and RASSF1A methylation and circulating cancer cells for cholangiocarcinoma clinical diagnosis and monitoring

Table 2 Performance of biomarkers and their combinations for diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma

Biomarker or combination	Positive test, CCA No.		Negative test, CCA No.		Sensitivity (%)	Early-stage CCA (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)
SEPTIN9	44	3	112	95	28.21	9.09	96.94	54.72
HOXA9	81	3	75	95	51.92	18.18	96.94	69.29
SHOX2	37	2	119	96	23.72	9.09	97.96	52.36
RASSF1A	46	2	110	96	29.49	9.09	97.96	55.91
CA199	80	12	47	86	51.28	9.09	87.76	65.35
SEPTIN9 + HOXA9	81	3	75	95	51.92	18.18	96.94	69.29
SEP + HOXA9 + SHO	88	3	68	95	56.41	27.27	96.94	72.05
SEP + HOXA9 + SHO + RASS	101	6	55	92	64.74	36.36	93.88	75.98
Sep + HOXA9 + SHO + RASS + CA199	107	12	49	86	68.59	45.45	87.76	75.98

CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma; PPV: Positive predictive value.