Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2025; 17(4): 103591
Published online Apr 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i4.103591
Figure 3
Figure 3 Clinical application of exosomal biomarkers for gastrointestinal diagnostic. Biopsies of exosomes include tumor tissue, blood, urine, saliva and feces. These sources contain cancer-derived exosome-encapsulated microRNAs, proteins and metabolic molecules. Treatment efficacy is monitored in real time by detecting and quantifying these molecular targets in association with tumor stage. miRNA: MicroRNA; LC-MS/MS: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; WB: Western blot; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HPLC-MS/MS: High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.