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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2025; 17(4): 103591
Published online Apr 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i4.103591
Published online Apr 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i4.103591
Table 5 Most promising exosomal biomarkers with diagnostic significance in gastrointestinal cancer
GI cancer type | Exosome origin | Candidates’ biomarker | Clinical samples | Supporting evidence | Ref. |
Colorectal cancer | Serum | Hsa-circ-0004771 | 179 patients; 45 healthy donors | AUC of 0.86, 0.88 to differentiate stage I/II CRC patients and CRC patients from healthy controls | [137] |
Plasma | Epcam-CD63 | 59 cancer patients; 20 healthy donors | AUC of 0.96 | [138] | |
Plasma | CD147 | AUC of 0.932, P < 0.001 | [139] | ||
Serum | LncRNA UCA1+, circRNA HIPK3 | AUC of 0.900, P < 0.0001 | [140] | ||
Plasma | miR-96-5p and miR-149 | 102 CRC patients | Significantly decreased in CRC tumor exosomes, and was significantly normalized after surgery | [98] | |
Serum | miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p | 169 CRC patients, 155 healthy donors, and 20 benign disease patients | The AUC of miR-99b-5p was 0.628 (32.1% sensitivity and 90.8% specificity), the AUC of miR-150-5p was 0.707 (75.2% sensitivity and 58.8% specificity) | [99] | |
Plasma | miRNA-27a and miRNA-130a | 369 peripheral blood samples | The AUC of miR-27a (miR-130a) was 0.773 (0.742) in the training phase, 0.82 (0.787) in the validation phase | [100] | |
Serum | miR-23a and miR-301a | 12 CRC patients and 8 healthy donors | AUC values for miR-23a and miR-301a were 0.900 and 0.840, respectively | [101] | |
Plasma | Let-7b-3p, miR-139-3p, and miR-145-3p | 15 colon cancer patients and 10 healthy donors | Their combination (AUC = 0.927) showed an advantage in identifying CRC patients | [102] | |
Serum | miR-126, miR-1290, miR-23a, and miR-940 | Showed high diagnostic values to differentiate CRC patients at TNM stage I from healthy controls | [103] | ||
Esophageal cancer | Serum | miR-652-5p | 93 OSCC patients and 93 healthy individuals | AUC of 0.901 | [106] |
Plasma | miR-93-5p | 83 ESCC patients and 83 healthy individuals | The expression level in the plasma of ESCC patients being 1.39 times higher than that of the control population (P = 0.035) | [107] | |
Serum | miRNA-182 | 125 ESCC patients and 60 healthy individuals | AUC = 0.837, 95%CI: 0.776-0.887 | [108] | |
Serum | UCA1, POU3F3, ESCCAL-1 and PEG10 | 313 ESCC patients and 313 control individuals without ESCC history | The AUC for UCA1, POU3F3, ESCCAL-1 and PEG10 were 0.733, 0.717, 0.676, 0.648, respectively | [109] | |
Plasma | NR_039819, NR_036133, NR_003353, ENST00000442416.1, and ENST00000416100.1 | 295 ESCC patients, 43 esophagitis patients, and 49 healthy volunteers | The combined diagnostic value of these five lncRNAs revealed an AUC of 0.9995 (P < 0.001) | [110] | |
CircRNA has-circ-0001946 and has-circ-0043603 | 3 pairs of ESCC frozen tumor and non-tumor tissues | The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of hsa_circ_0001946 was 0.894, 92.80%, of hsa_circ_0043603 was 0.836, 64.92% | [111] | ||
Gastric cancer | Serum | Lnc HOTTIP | 126 GC patients; 120 healthy donors | AUC of 0.827 | [141] |
Serum | miR-19b-3p and miR-106a-5p | 130 GC patients and 130 healthy donors | Levels of exosomes of patients with GC were markedly overexpressed compared to healthy donors | [114] | |
Serum | miR10b-5p, miR132-3p, miR185-5p, miR195-5p, miR-20a3p, and miR296-5p | The training (49 gastric cancer vs 47 NCs) and validation phases (154 gastric cancer vs 120 NCs) | AUC were 0.764 and 0.702 for the training and validation phases, respectively | [115] | |
Serum | miR-10a-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-18a-5p | A pair of 43 primary adenocarcinoma GC tissue samples with corresponding adjacent non-malignant counterparts | AUC of 0.801, 0.721, 0.780 and 0.736, respectively | [116] | |
Serum | LncRNA PCSK2-2:1 | 29 healthy people and 63 gastric cancer patients | AUC of 0.896 | [117] | |
Plasma | LncRNA SLC2A12-10:1 | 60 GC patients and 60 age-matched healthy controls | The area under the ROC curve was 0.776 | [118] | |
Plasma | LncUEGC1 and lncUEGC2 | Five healthy individuals and ten stages I GC patients and from culture media of four human primary stomach epithelial cells and four GCCs | LncUEGC1 exhibited AUC values of 0.8760 and 0.8406 in discriminating EGC patients from healthy individuals | [119] | |
Plasma | Hsa_circ_0065149 | Low expression levels in GC tissues were significantly associated with the tumor diameter (P = 0.034) and perineural invasion (P = 0.037) | [120] | ||
Serum | CircSHKBP1 | 72 paired GC tissues and normal tissues | The expression of circSHKBP1 was 2.31-fold higher in GC tissues on average than in normal tissues | [121] | |
Serum | miR-15b-3p | 108 GC patients; 108 healthy donors | AUC of 0.820; specificity of 80.6%; sensitivity of 74.1% | [142] | |
Hepatocellular and biliary cancer | Plasma | AFP; GPC3; ALB; APOH; FABP1; FGB; FGG; AHSG; RBP4; TF mRNA | 36 HCC patients; 26 cirrhosis | AUC of 0.87; sensitivity of 93.8%; specificity of 74.5% | [143] |
Serum | miR-21 | Higher in HCC patients | [144] | ||
Serum | CEA; GPC-3, and PD-L1 | 12 HCC patients; 12 hepatitis B; 6 healthy donors | Higher in HCC patients | [74] | |
Plasma | miRNA-122, miRNA-21, and miRNA-96 | 50 patients with HCC and 50 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and 50 healthy volunteers | AUC of 0.924; 95%CI; sensitivity 82%, specificity 92% to discriminating HCC from the cirrhosis group | [123] | |
Serum | miR-10b-5p | 28 healthy individuals, 60 with chronic liver disease, and 90 with HCC | AUC of 0.934 | [124] | |
Plasma | miR-21-5p and miR-92a-3p | 20 healthy individuals, 38 with liver cirrhosis, and 48 with HCC | MiR-21-5p was up-regulated and miR-92a-3p was down-regulated, and after incorporating AFP, the AUC was 0.85 | [125] | |
Serum | miR-4661-5p | 15 normal subjects, 20 with CH, 10 with LC, 18 with HCC (Edmonson grade 1), and 45 with moderate to poorly differentiated HCC | AUC of 0.917 diagnose HCC in all stages, AUC of 0.923 in early stage | [126] | |
Plasma | RN7SL1, SNHG1, ZFAS1, and LINC01359 | 57 plasma cell-free RNA transcriptome and 20 exosomal RNA transcriptomes | RN7SL1 discriminated HCC samples from negative controls (AUC = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.817-0.920) | [127] | |
Plasma | miR-96-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-191-5p, and miR-4732-3p | 5 CCA patients and 4 GBC patients before and after surgery, 40 healthy individuals, 45 more CCA patients and 24 more GBC patients to validate | AUC of 0.733, 0.7639, 0.5417, and 0.6544, respectively | [128] | |
Pancreatic cancer | Plasma | miRNA-10b | 3 PDAC patients; 3 CP patients; 3 healthy donors | Higher in PDAC patients | [145] |
Plasma | miRNA-10b | PDAC patients; CP patients and healthy donors | Higher in PDAC patients | [146] | |
Mouse plasma samples | miR-3970-5p | 9 healthy donors; 9 pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia patients; 9 PDAC patients | Accuracy of 65% | [147] | |
Serum | EpCAM, Glypican1 | 90% accuracy for pancreatic cancer or normal pancreatic epithelial cell lines; 87 and 90% predictive accuracy for healthy control and EPC individual samples | [148] | ||
Plasma | miR-4525, miR-451a and miR-21 | 55 patients with PDAC and 20 healthy volunteers | The exosomal levels from PDAC patients were significantly higher than those from healthy volunteers | [130] | |
Serum | miR-1246, miR-4306, and miR-4644 | 131 pancreatic cancer patients and 89 controls | Significantly increased in 83% of pancreatic cancer patients compared to healthy controls, P < 0.05 | [131] | |
Plasma | LINC01268, LINC02802, AC124854.1, AL132657.1 | 78 pancreatic cancer patients and 70 healthy controls | The ROC analysis revealed AUC values of 0.8421, 0.6544, 0.7190, and 0.6231 for LINC01268, LINC02802, AC124854.1, and AL132657.1, respectively | [132] | |
Plasma | Long-stranded RNAs (FGA, KRT19, HIST1H2BK, ITIH2, MARCH2, CLDN1, MAL2 and TIMP1) | Samples from 284 patients with PDAC, 100 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 117 healthy controls | Diagnosed PDAC with 0.949 AUC to identify stage I/II tumors | [133] | |
Serum | Small nucleolar RNAs: WASF2, ARF6, SNORA74A, and SNORA25 | 27 pancreatic cancer patients and 13 controls | The AUCs of WASF2, ARF6, SNORA74A, and SNORA25 in serum from patients in the early stages of pancreatic cancer (stages 0, I, and IIA) were > 0.9 | [134] | |
Serum | Glypican1 | 190 pancreatic cancer patients and 131 controls | Sensitivity of 100%; specificity of 100%; positive predictive value of 100%; negative predictive value of 100%; AUC of 1.0 | [135] |
- Citation: Zhang Y, Yue NN, Chen LY, Tian CM, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Wei DR, Ma HL, Li DF. Exosomal biomarkers: A novel frontier in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(4): 103591
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v17/i4/103591.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i4.103591