Endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors: Training levels and professional roles explored

Table 1 A comparative analysis of main endoscopic resection techniques

Technique	Indications	Pros	Cons
Endoscopic mucosal resection	Small, superficial lesions from the mucosal layer (ex. early-stage cancers and adenomas)	Preserves tissue, maintains function, simple technique	Limited size, risk of incomplete resection
Endoscopic submucosal dissection	Larger lesions reaching the submucosal layer	En bloc resection, enables complete resection	More complex, higher complication rate
Endoscopic full-thickness resection	Invasive lesions involving the full-thickness, reaching into the muscularis layer	Minimally invasive with lower recovery time compared to surgery	Complex procedure, significant perforation risk