Factors associated with false fecal immunochemical test results in colorectal cancer screening

Table 4 Factors associated with false-positive and false-negative fecal immunological test for the detection of advanced colorectal neoplasm

Variables	False-positive FIT (true negative as reference)			False-negative FIT (true positive as reference)
	Crude OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	Crude OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR 95%CI)	P value
Age (per additional year)	1.02 (1.01-1.02)	1.01 (1.01-1.02)	< 0.001	0.96 (0.94-0.97)	0.96 (0.94-0.97)	< 0.001
Sex
Female	1	1		1	1
Male	1.06 (1.01-1.12)	0.91 (0.85-0.96)	0.001	0.97 (0.82-1.15)	1.23 (1.00-1.49)	0.045
Smoking status
Never smoker	1	1		1	1
Former smoker	1.48 (1.29-1.69)	1.39 (1.21-1.60)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.51-1.06)	1.03 (0.68-1.55)	0.881
Current smoker	1.41 (1.31-1.51)	1.36 (1.26-1.48)	< 0.001	0.69 (0.56-0.83)	0.73 (0.57-0.95)	0.017
Never drinker	1	1		1	1
Ever drinker	1.48 (1.35-1.62)	1.3 (1.17-1.44)	< 0.001	0.53 (0.42-0.68)	0.60 (0.45-0.81)	< 0.001
Physical activity
Irregular exercise	1	1		1	1
Regular exercise	1.00 (0.95-1.05)	0.90 (0.85-0.95)	< 0.001	0.84 (0.71-10)	1.07 (0.88-1.31)	0.474
BMI (kg/m2)
< 25	1	1		1	1
25-29.9	1.23 (1.16-1.30)	1.18 (1.11-1.25)	< 0.001	0.69 (0.58-0.82)	0.75 (0.61-0.91)	0.004
≥ 30	1.51 (1.35-1.69)	1.42 (1.27-1.59)	< 0.001	0.47 (0.33-0.67)	0.56 (0.38-0.83)	0.004
Hemorrhoid
No	1	1		1	1
Yes	1.86 (1.74-1.99)	1.85 (1.73-1.97)	< 0.001	0.36 (0.28-0.45)	0.58 (0.46-0.74)	< 0.001
Diverticulum
No	1	1		1	1
Yes	1.47 (1.22-1.77)	1.26 (1.04-1.52)	0.018	0.44 (0.25-0.80)	0.75 (0.41-1.39)	0.359
Presence of nonadvanced adenoma
No	1	1
Yes	1.07 (1.01-1.13)	0.99 (0.94-1.05)	0.753
Presence of any advanced adenoma ≥ 10 mm
No				1	1
Yes				0.21 (0.18-0.25)	0.08 (0.06-0.12)	< 0.001
Presence of any advanced adenoma of high-grade dysplasia
No				1	1
Yes				0.68 (0.49-0.94)	0.66 (0.45-0.98)	0.041
Presence of any advanced adenoma with villous/tubulovillous features
No				1	1
Yes				0.62 (0.40-0.97)	0.76 (0.44-1.31)	0.248
Presence of CRC
No				1	1
Stage 0-I CRC				1.13 (0.81-1.58)	0.13 (0.08-0.22)	< 0.001
Stage II-IV CRC				2.13 (1.70-2.67)	0.26 (0.17-0.39)	< 0.001

FIT: Fecal immunological test; OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; CRC: Colorectal cancer.