Chlorogenic acid induces hepatocellular carcinoma cell ferroptosis via PTGS2/AKR1C3/GPX4 axis-mediated reprogramming of arachidonic acid metabolism

Figure 7 The mRNA and protein expression in chlorogenic acid-mediated reprogramming of arachidonic acid metabolism through prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2/aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3/glutathione peroxidase 4 pathway induces ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (mean ± SD, n = 3). A-D: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2, acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long chain 4, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 mRNA expression in HCC cells; E-I: Western blot analysis of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2, acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long chain 4, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 protein expression in HepG2 cells. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, and ^cP < 0.001 compared to the 0 μmol chlorogenic acid group. ASCL4: Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long chain 4; PTGS2: Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2; LPCAT3: Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3; AKR1C3: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3.