Chlorogenic acid induces hepatocellular carcinoma cell ferroptosis via PTGS2/AKR1C3/GPX4 axis-mediated reprogramming of arachidonic acid metabolism

Figure 2 Chlorogenic acid inhibits HepG2 cell migration and invasion (mean ± SD, n = 3). A and B: Wound healing assay to evaluate the migration ability of HepG2 cells; C and D: Transwell assay (× 100 magnification) to evaluate the invasion ability of HepG2 cells; E-G: Western blot analysis of E-cadherin and N-cadherin protein levels. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, and ^cP < 0.001 compared to the 0 μmol chlorogenic acid group. E-cad: E-cadherin; N-cad: N-cadherin.