Increased risk of colorectal cancer in young males with higher cardiovascular risk: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 3 Risk of colorectal cancer according to cardiovascular risk score when subdivided by statin use

		Risk score	n	Events	Person years	IRa	Model 1 HR (95%CI)	Model 2 HR (95%CI)	Model 3 HR (95%CI)
Total	Statin (-)	0	1095789	7504	11237006	0.67	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	721199	8615	7310810	1.18	1.765 (1.711-1.820)	0.944 (0.913-0.976)	0.932 (0.902-0.964)
		2	388601	7217	3874060	1.86	2.791 (2.702-2.883)	1.061 (1.023-1.100)	1.035 (0.998-1.074)
		≥ 3	138158	3366	1352131	2.49	3.735 (3.587-3.890)	1.200 (1.147-1.255)	1.160 (1.108-1.214)
		P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Statin (+)	0	30180	394	307358	1.28	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	54443	997	545930	1.83	1.425 (1.268-1.602)	0.991 (0.880-1.117)	0.972 (0.862-1.095)
		2	62701	1346	618852	2.17	1.698 (1.518-1.900)	1.003 (0.892-1.127)	0.974 (0.865-1.096)
		≥ 3	35557	890	345805	2.57	2.010 (1.785-2.263)	1.145 (1.010-1.297)	1.103 (0.972-1.253)
		P for trend					< 0.001	0.010	0.046
	P for interaction						< 0.001	0.036	0.071
Male	Statin (-)	0	418317	2395	4280007	0.56	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	500104	5515	5065266	1.09	1.946 (1.854-2.041)	1.144 (1.090-1.202)	1.126 (1.072-1.182)
		2	293142	5368	2922285	1.84	3.283 (3.129-3.445)	1.306 (1.242-1.373)	1.264 (1.201-1.329)
		≥ 3	113465	2807	1109737	2.53	4.525 (4.285-4.779)	1.443 (1.363-1.528)	1.374 (1.297-1.456)
		P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Statin (+)	0	8307	117	83974	1.39	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	22520	405	223980	1.81	1.298 (1.057-1.594)	0.889 (0.723-1.093)	0.870 (0.707-1.070)
		2	32309	725	316586	2.29	1.644 (1.352-1.998)	0.954 (0.783-1.163)	0.928 (0.760-1.132)
		≥ 3	25146	655	243488	2.69	1.931 (1.586-2.351)	1.107 (0.907-1.350)	1.067 (0.873-1.305)
		P for trend					< 0.001	0.003	0.011
	P for interaction						< 0.001	0.004	0.006
Female	Statin (-)	0	677472	5109	6956999	0.73	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	221095	3100	2245544	1.38	1.880 (1.798-1.965)	0.962 (0.914-1.012)	0.946 (0.899-0.995)
		2	95459	1849	951776	1.94	2.647 (2.510-2.792)	1.001 (0.941-1.065)	0.973 (0.913-1.036)
		≥ 3	24693	559	242394	2.31	3.148 (2.885-3.435)	1.069 (0.973-1.174)	1.033 (0.939-1.136)
		P for trend					< 0.001	0.408	0.868
	Statin (+)	0	21873	277	223384	1.24	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	31923	592	321950	1.84	1.484 (1.287-1.712)	1.150 (0.992-1.333)	1.130 (0.975-1.311)
		2	30392	621	302266	2.05	1.659 (1.440-1.912)	1.140 (0.980-1.327)	1.109 (0.951-1.293)
		≥ 3	10411	235	102317	2.30	1.856 (1.559-2.208)	1.241 (1.033-1.491)	1.199 (0.996-1.443)
		P for trend					< 0.001	0.047	0.126
	P for interaction						< 0.001	0.521	0.534

^aColorectal cancer incidence rate per 1000 person-years.

Model 1: Not adjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for sex and age; Model 3: Adjusted for sex, age, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft, myocardial infarction, stroke, and aneurysm of abdominal aorta.