Increased risk of colorectal cancer in young males with higher cardiovascular risk: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 2 Risk of colorectal cancer according to cardiovascular risk score when subdivided by age

Gender	Age	Risk score	n	Events	Person years	IRa	Model 1 HR (95%CI)	Model 2 HR (95%CI)	Model 3 HR (95%CI)	Model 4 HR (95%CI)
Total	< 50 years	0	893565	4125	9184868	0.45	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	433525	2079	4447577	0.47	1.041 (0.987-1.097)	1.043 (0.984-1.105)	1.027 (0.969-1.089)	1.028 (0.970-1.090)
		2	161618	1090	1653286	0.66	1.468 (1.374-1.570)	1.177 (1.090-1.270)	1.147 (1.062-1.238)	1.151 (1.066-1.243)
		≥ 3	42156	469	428824	1.09	2.437 (2.215-2.682)	1.506 (1.355-1.673)	1.448 (1.301-1.610)	1.460 (1.312-1.625)
		P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	≥ 50 years	0	232404	3773	2359496	1.60	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	342117	7533	3409163	2.21	1.382 (1.329-1.437)	0.976 (0.937-1.016)	0.963 (0.925-1.003)	0.965 (0.927-1.005)
		2	289684	7473	2839626	2.63	1.647 (1.583-1.712)	1.045 (1.003-1.089)	1.017 (0.976-1.061)	1.022 (0.980-1.065)
		≥ 3	131559	3787	1269112	2.98	1.868 (1.786-1.954)	1.122 (1.070-1.176)	1.080 (1.029-1.134)	1.086 (1.034-1.140)
		P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	P for interaction						< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Male	< 50 years	0	380916	1284	3914571	0.33	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	361592	1587	3708820	0.43	1.305 (1.212-1.404)	1.044 (0.969-1.125)	1.023 (0.949-1.103)	1.024 (0.950-1.103)
		2	152047	1024	1554993	0.66	2.008 (1.850-2.180)	1.142 (1.047-1.246)	1.101 (1.008-1.202)	1.105 (1.012-1.206)
		≥ 3	41490	463	422036	1.10	3.348 (3.010-3.723)	1.398 (1.248-1.566)	1.319 (1.176-1.481)	1.333 (1.188-1.497)
		P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	≥ 50 years	0	45708	1228	449410	2.73	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	161032	4333	1580426	2.74	1.003 (0.942-1.069)	1.004 (0.942-1.070)	1.004 (0.942-1.070)	1.005 (0.944-1.071)
		2	173404	5069	1683877	3.01	1.102 (1.035-1.173)	1.089 (1.023-1.159)	1.075 (1.010-1.145)	1.080 (1.015-1.151)
		≥ 3	97121	2999	931189	3.22	1.180 (1.104-1.261)	1.165 (1.090-1.245)	1.137 (1.062-1.216)	1.146 (1.071-1.226)
		P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	P for interaction						< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Female	< 50 years	0	512649	2841	5270298	0.54	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	71933	492	738757	0.67	1.235 (1.122-1.359)	1.027 (0.933-1.131)	1.015 (0.921-1.118)	1.015 (0.921-1.118)
		2	9571	66	98293	0.67	1.244 (0.975-1.588)	0.932 (0.730-1.190)	0.907 (0.710-1.161)	0.907 (0.709-1.161)
		≥ 3	666	6	6788	0.88	1.650 (0.743-3.665)	1.123 (0.504-2.502)	1.086 (0.487-2.422)	1.085 (0.486-2.422)
		P for trend					< 0.001	0.891	0.851	0.850
	≥ 50 years	0	186696	2545	1910086	1.33	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
		1	181085	3200	1828737	1.75	1.314 (1.248-1.385)	1.007 (0.953-1.064)	0.990 (0.937-1.046)	0.990 (0.936-1.046)
		2	116280	2404	1155749	2.08	1.563 (1.479-1.653)	1.070 (1.007-1.137)	1.034 (0.972-1.100)	1.034 (0.971-1.100)
		≥ 3	34438	788	337923	2.33	1.754 (1.620-1.900)	1.153 (1.060-1.254)	1.106 (1.015-1.205)	1.105 (1.014-1.204)
		P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	0.022	0.024
	P for interaction						0.256	0.218	0.339	0.338

^aColorectal cancer incidence rate per 1000 person-years.

Model 1: Not adjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for sex and age; Model 3: Adjusted for sex, age, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft, myocardial infarction, stroke, and aneurysm of abdominal aorta; Model 4: Adjusted for sex, age, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft, myocardial infarction, stroke, aneurysm of abdominal aorta, and statin use; IR: Incidence rate; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.