Increased risk of colorectal cancer in young males with higher cardiovascular risk: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 1 Risk of colorectal cancer according to cardiovascular risk score

	Risk score	n	Events	Person years	IRa	Model 1 HR (95%CI)	Model 2 HR (95%CI)	Model 3 HR (95%CI)	Model 4 HR (95%CI)
Total	0	1125969	7898	11544364	0.68	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
	1	775642	9612	7856740	1.22	1.788 (1.736-1.842)	0.949 (0.919-0.980)	0.936 (0.906-0.966)	0.938 (0.908-0.968)
	2	451302	8563	4492913	1.91	2.788 (2.704-2.874)	1.049 (1.014-1.086)	1.022 (0.987-1.058)	1.027 (0.992-1.064)
	≥ 3	173715	4256	1697936	2.51	3.671 (3.536-3.810)	1.188 (1.139-1.238)	1.147 (1.100-1.197)	1.155 (1.107-1.205)
	P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Male	0	426624	2512	4363981	0.58	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
	1	522624	5920	5289246	1.12	1.944 (1.856-2.037)	1.135 (1.082-1.191)	1.116 (1.064-1.170)	1.117 (1.065-1.171)
	2	325451	6093	3238870	1.88	3.269 (3.120-3.424)	1.283 (1.222-1.346)	1.241 (1.182-1.304)	1.247 (1.187-1.309)
	≥ 3	138611	3462	1353225	2.56	4.449 (4.226-4.684)	1.421 (1.346-1.499)	1.356 (1.284-1.433)	1.367 (1.294-1.444)
	P for trend					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Female	0	699345	5386	7180383	0.75	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
	1	253018	3692	2567494	1.44	1.917 (1.839-1.999)	0.987 (0.941-1.035)	0.968 (0.923-1.015)	0.967 (0.922-1.015)
	2	125851	2470	1254042	1.97	2.629 (2.506-2.757)	1.019 (0.963-1.077)	0.984 (0.929-1.042)	0.984 (0.929-1.042)
	≥ 3	35104	794	344712	2.30	3.078 (2.857-3.316)	1.093 (1.008-1.185)	1.049 (0.966-1.139)	1.049 (0.966-1.139)
	P for trend					< 0.001	0.074	0.640	0.650

^aColorectal cancer incidence rate per 1000 person-years.

Model 1: Not adjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for sex and age; Model 3: Adjusted for sex, age, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft, myocardial infarction, stroke, and aneurysm of abdominal aorta; Model 4: Adjusted for sex, age, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft, myocardial infarction, stroke, aneurysm of abdominal aorta, and statin use; IR: Incidence rate; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.