Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting overall survival in patients with gastric carcinoma

Table 2 Analysis of survival of patients and risk factors affecting prognosis in the training set

Variable	Survival (n = 477)	Death (n = 525)	HR (univariable)	HR (multivariable)
Age1	60.94 ± 10.74	62.89 ± 10.64	1.01 (1.00-1.02, P = 0.003)
Sex, n (%)
Female	125 (26.21)	128 (24.38)
Male	352 (73.79)	397 (75.62)	1.02 (0.84-1.24, P = 0.851)
BMI, n (%)
18.5-23.9	306 (64.15)	328 (62.48)
≥ 24	132 (27.67)	92 (17.52)	0.76 (0.60-0.95, P = 0.018)	0.97 (0.77-1.23, P = 0.812)
< 18.5	39 (8.18)	105 (20.00)	2.04 (1.63-2.54, P < 0.001)	1.30 (1.03-1.63, P = 0.026)
KPS1	83.07 ± 7.89	80.42 ± 40.38	0.97 (0.96-0.98, P < 0.001)
Histology, n (%)
Adenocarcinoma	470 (98.53)	508 (96.76)
Others	7 (1.47)	17 (3.24)	1.13 (0.70-1.83, P = 0.622)
TNM stage, n (%)
I-II	195 (40.88)	50 (9.52)
III	171 (35.85)	153 (29.14)	2.93 (2.12-4.03, P < 0.001)	2.69 (1.94-3.72, P < 0.001)
IV	111 (23.27)	322 (61.33)	8.72 (6.44-11.80, P < 0.001)	6.19 (4.47-8.57, P < 0.001)
Radiation, n (%)
No	443 (92.87)	495 (94.29)
Yes	34 (7.13)	30 (5.71)	0.70 (0.49-1.02, P = 0.062)	0.62 (0.42-0.90, P = 0.012)
Chemotherapy, n (%)
No	204 (42.77)	267 (50.86)
Yes	273 (57.23)	258 (49.14)	0.76 (0.64-0.90, P = 0.002)	0.78 (0.65-0.94, P = 0.009)
Surgery, n (%)
No	159 (33.33)	313 (59.62)
Yes	318 (66.67)	212 (40.38)	0.37 (0.31-0.44, P < 0.001)	0.66 (0.54-0.80, P < 0.001)
Immunotherapy, n (%)
No	457 (95.81)	510 (97.14)
Yes	20 (4.19)	15 (2.86)	0.76 (0.46-1.28, P = 0.302)
ALB1	40.41 ± 5.15	37.96 ± 5.42	0.91 (0.90-0.93, P < 0.001)	0.96 (0.94-0.98, P < 0.001)
GLB1	28.54 ± 5.48	28.88 ± 6.01	0.99 (0.97-0.99, P = 0.036)	0.98 (0.96-0.99, P = 0.004)
β2-microglobulin1	2.60 ± 1.18	2.79 ± 1.39	1.14 (1.08-1.20, P < 0.001)
Neutrophils1	3.81 ± 2.05	4.56 ± 2.71	1.13 (1.10-1.16, P < 0.001)	1.05 (1.01-1.08, P = 0.005)
WBC1	5.90 ± 2.27	6.42 ± 2.85	1.10 (1.07-1.13, P < 0.001)
LDH2	175.70 (153.90, 208.00)	181.00 (154.10, 234.80)	1.01 (1.01-1.03, P < 0.001)	1.01 (1.01-1.03, P = 0.037)
NLR2	2.30 (1.60, 3.48)	3.32 (2.19, 5.19)	1.09 (1.08-1.11, P < 0.001)
PLR2	145.74 (106.80, 200.00)	181.43 (127.52, 276.27)	1.02 (1.01-1.04, P < 0.001)	1.02 (1.01-1.04, P = 0.002)
LMR2	3.69 (2.73, 5.15)	3.05 (2.05, 4.40)	0.94 (0.91-0.97, P < 0.001)

¹Expressed as mean ± SD.

²Expressed as median (P25, P75).

BMI: Body mass index; KPS: Karnofsky performance status; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; ALB: Albumin; GLB: Globulin; WBC: White blood cell count; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-lymphocyte ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte-monocyte ratio.