Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome: From action mechanism to therapeutic target in clinical trials

Table 1 Clinical trials targeting nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3-related downstream signaling pathway

NCT number	Phases	Conditions	Interventions (drug)	Mechanism of action	Study status
NCT01045772	2	MWS, Schnitzler syndrome	Rilonacept	IL-1 antagonist	Completed
NCT00288704	3	FCAS, familial cold urticaria, MWS, genetic diseases, inborn	Rilonacept 160 mg	IL-1 antagonist	Completed
NCT00094900	2	Inflammation, familial mediterranean fever, adult-onset still’s disease	Rilonacept	IL-1 antagonist	Completed
NCT01276522	2	Schnitzler syndrome	Canakinumab (ACZ885)	IL-1β blocker	Completed
NCT04510493	3	Coronavirus infection, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Canakinumab (ACZ885)	IL-1β blocker	Completed
NCT00991146	3	Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, FCAS, MWS, neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease	Canakinumab (ACZ885)	IL-1β blocker	Completed
NCT00685373	3	Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, FCAS, MWS, neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease	Canakinumab (ACZ885)	IL-1β blocker	Completed
NCT01105507	3	Cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome	Canakinumab (ACZ885)	IL-1β blocker	Completed
NCT01302860	3	Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, FCAS, MWS, neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease	Canakinumab (ACZ885)	IL-1β blocker	Completed
NCT01576367	3	Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, FCAS, MWS, neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease	Canakinumab (ACZ885)	IL-1β blocker	Completed
NCT00465985	3	MWS	Canakinumab (ACZ885)	IL-1β blocker	Completed
NCT00214851	1	Familial cold urticaria	Kineret (anakinra)	IL-1Ra	Completed
NCT05880355	1	Myocardial infarction	Dapansutrile	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition	Not recruiting
NCT06047262	2	Type 2 diabetes mellitus	Dapansutrile	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition	Recruiting
NCT05658575	2 and 3	Acute gout flare, gout attack, gout flare, gouty arthritis, gout, arthritis, joint pain	Dapansutrile	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition	Recruiting
NCT06212271	1	Peripheral artery disease	Colchicine	Inhibit multiple proinflammatory mechanisms	Not recruiting
NCT04322565	2	Coronavirus infections, pneumonia, viral	Colchicine	Inhibit multiple proinflammatory mechanisms	Completed
NCT05734612	3	Reperfusion injury, myocardial	Colchicine	Inhibit multiple proinflammatory mechanisms	Enrolling-by-invitation
NCT04867226	2	Coronavirus infection	Colchicine 0.5 mg	Inhibit multiple proinflammatory mechanisms	Completed
NCT06426537	1	ST-elevation myocardial infarction	Colchicine 0.5 mg oral tablet	Inhibit multiple proinflammatory mechanisms	Completed
NCT04756128	2	COVID-19	Colchicine 0.6 mg, naltrexone	Inhibit multiple proinflammatory mechanisms and opiate antagonist	Completed
NCT05855746	3	Acute myocarditis	Colchicine pill	Inhibit multiple proinflammatory mechanisms	Not recruiting
NCT05130892	4	NLRP3, hs-CRP, percutaneous coronary intervention	Colchicine, tranilast, oridonin	Inhibit multiple proinflammatory mechanisms	Completed
NCT06097663	2	Coronary heart disease, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential	MAS825, FV890	Bispecific monoclonal antibody anti-IL-1β/IL-18, and NLRP3 inhibitor	Recruiting
NCT05552469	1	Myeloid diseases	DFV890	NLRP3 inhibitor	Recruiting
NCT04868968	2	FCAS	DFV890	NLRP3 inhibitor	Completed
NCT04886258	2	Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis	DFV890	NLRP3 inhibitor	Recruiting
NCT04086602	1	Healthy volunteers, cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome	IZD334 (MCC950 related agent)	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor	Completed
NCT04972188	1	Healthy	ZYIL1 capsule	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor	Completed
NCT05186051	2	Cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome	ZYIL1 capsule	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor	Completed
NCT05781698	2	Inflammatory bowel diseases	Mesalamine, fenofibrate	Anti-inflammatory agent and lower “bad” cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise “good” cholesterol (HDL) in the blood	Recruiting
NCT03468322	2	Inherited epidermolysis bullosa	AC-203	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition	Completed
NCT05812781	2	Cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome	VTX2735	Peripheral NLRP3 inhibitor	Completed

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; FCAS: Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL: Interleukin; IL-1Ra: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; MWS: Muckle-Wells syndrome; NLRP3: Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3.