Characteristics of gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with colorectal polyps

Table 3 Metabolite changes in patients with different types of colorectal polyps and healthy individuals

Metabolites/disease state	Healthy individuals	Non-adenomatous polyp patients	Adenomatous polyp patients	Previous adenoma patients (currently no adenoma)	Ref.
SCFAs
Butyrate	High	Significantly decreased	Significantly decreased	Restored to near normal levels, but lower than healthy individuals	[53]
Propionate	High	decreased	Decreased	Partially restored, but still lower than healthy individuals	[53]
Vitamin synthesis metabolites
Vitamin B complex	High	No significant change	No significant change	No significant change	[54]
Bile acids
Deoxycholic acid	Normal levels	Increased	Significantly Increased	Partially restored, but still higher than healthy individuals	[55]
Amine metabolites
Cadaverine, histamine	Normal levels	No significant change	Increased	Decreased, but still higher than healthy individuals	[56]

SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids.