Construction and evaluation of a liver cancer risk prediction model based on machine learning

Table 2 Univariate analysis of study parameters in the hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis groups, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 385)	Group		Z/χ2	P value
		Cirrhosis (n = 195)	HCC (n = 190)
Age	53.00 (47.00, 59.00)	51.00 (44.00, 56.00)	55.00 (49.00, 60.00)	Z = -4.66	< 0.001
WBC (109/L)	4.06 (2.97, 5.65)	3.50 (2.52, 4.54)	4.65 (3.69, 6.40)	Z = -6.87	< 0.001
RBC (1012/L)	4.46 (3.84, 4.96)	4.13 (3.54, 4.79)	4.70 (4.11, 5.07)	Z = -5.18	< 0.001
HB (g/L)	142.00 (121.00, 157.00)	134.00 (113.00, 151.75)	149.00 (129.75, 160.00)	Z = -4.76	< 0.001
PLT (109/L)	85.00 (55.00, 136.00)	64.50 (48.25, 100.00)	122.00 (70.50, 168.25)	Z = -7.95	< 0.001
AFP (ng/mL)	7.44 (2.95, 88.46)	3.79 (2.34, 9.32)	49.16 (5.84, 1220.00)	Z = -9.35	< 0.001
PIVKA-II (mAU/mL)	33.85 (20.89, 1839.88)	22.59 (16.30, 32.28)	854.40 (37.98, 14001.70)	Z = -11.58	< 0.001
CEA (ng/mL)	2.21 (1.35, 3.36)	2.08 (1.28, 3.39)	2.27 (1.42, 3.36)	Z = -1.41	0.16
CA199 (ng/mL)	19.75 (10.60, 38.92)	18.07 (9.85, 34.82)	21.25 (12.70, 43.17)	Z = -1.58	0.115
CA125 (ng/mL)	23.91 (12.77, 103.25)	33.51 (14.52, 143.25)	19.70 (12.24, 55.62)	Z = -3.05	0.002
Sex, n (%)				χ² = 9.90	0.002
Male	288 (75.39)	130 (68.42)	158 (82.29)
Female	94 (24.61)	60 (31.58)	34 (17.71)

WBC: White blood cell; RBC: Red blood cell; HB: Hemoglobin level; PLT: Platelet; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; PIVKA-II: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA: Carbohydrate antigen; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.