Weiwei Decoction alleviates gastric intestinal metaplasia through the olfactomedin 4/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1/caudal-type homeobox gene 2 signaling pathway

Figure 6 Weiwei Decoction-medicated serum attenuates olfactomedin 4 level and simultaneously strengthens olfactomedin 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 binding, thereby enhancing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 expression and consequently mitigating caudal-type homeobox gene 2 in gastric cells. A: Timeline of the cell experiments design for Weiwei Decoction (WWD)-medicated serum treatment; B: GES-1 cells were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) for 24 h and then disposed to 10% (V/V) of the corresponding WWD-medicated serum for 48 h. WB detection of olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), caudal-type homeobox gene 2 (CDX2), and MUCIN 2 (MUC2); C: Relative protein expression of OLFM4, NOD1, CDX2, and MUC2 in GES-1 cells (n = 3); D: AGS cells were disposed to 10% (V/V) of the corresponding WWD-medicated serum for 48 h. WB detection of OLFM4, NOD1, CDX2, MUC2, and villin 1 (VIL1); E: Relative protein expression of OLFM4, NOD1, CDX2, MUC2, and VIL1 in AGS cells (n = 3); F: GES-1 cells were treated with CDCA for 24 h and then disposed to 10% (V/V) of the WWD-H medicated serum for 48 h. Co-immunoprecipitation detection of the interaction between OLFM4 and NOD1, and the interaction between OLFM4 and CDX2 in GES-1 cells. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 vs model group. OLFM4: Olfactomedin 4; NOD1: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1; CDX2: Caudal-type homeobox gene 2; WWD: Weiwei Decoction; MUC2: MUCIN 2; VIL1: Villin 1.