Effectiveness and safety of sequential transarterial chemoembolization and microwave ablation for subphrenic hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive evaluation

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of study patients

Variables	Total, n = 49	Subphrenic HCC, n = 27	Nonsubphrenic HCC, n = 22	P value	Statistic
Sex				0.646	Fisher
Male	44 (89.8)	25 (92.6)	19 (86.4)
Female	5 (10.2)	2 (7.4)	3 (13.6)
Age in years	58.0 ± 9.3	58.7 ± 10.1	57.2 ± 8.4	0.595	0.287
Etiology				0.608	Fisher
HBV	41 (83.7)	24 (88.9)	17 (77.3)
HCV	5 (10.2)	2 (7.4)	3 (13.6)
Non-hepatitis virus	3 (6.1)	1 (3.7)	2 (9.1)
Child-Pugh class				0.388	Fisher
A	43 (87.8)	25 (92.6)	18 (81.8)
B	6 (12.2)	2 (7.4)	4 (18.2)
AFP				0.646	Fisher
< 200 ng/mL	44 (89.8)	25 (92.6)	19 (86.4)
≥ 200 ng/mL	5 (10.2)	2 (7.4)	3 (13.6)
PLT as 109/L	105.5 ± 70.9	119.1 ± 87.6	88.9 ± 38.3	0.139	2.264
Undergone hepatectomy				0.146	2.112
No	35 (71.4)	17 (63.0)	18 (81.8)
Yes	14 (28.6)	10 (37.0)	4 (18.2)
Amount of iodized oil in mL	4.4 ± 2.6	4.6 ± 3.1	4.2 ± 1.8	0.597	0.283
Amount of epirubicin in mg	26.9 ± 7.1	24.8 ± 8.0	29.5 ± 4.9	0.019	5.877
Tumor number				0.617	Fisher
Single	45 (91.8)	24 (88.9)	21 (95.5)
Multiple	4 (8.2)	3 (11.1)	1 (4.5)
Tumor size in cm	3.2 ± 1.2	3.4 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 1.2	0.255	1.327
Transpulmonary				< 0.001	19.958
No	25 (51.0)	6 (22.2)	19 (86.4)
Yes	24 (49.0)	21 (77.8)	3 (13.6)

Data are n (%) or mean ± SD. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HBV: Hepatic B virus; HCV: Hepatic C virus; PLT: Platelet; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.