Bidirectional effects of the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetaldehyde on colorectal cancer

Figure 5 Indole-3-acetaldehyde at a concentration of 12. 5 μmol/L is only cytotoxic and does not promote invasiveness. A: Relative mRNA expression levels of Cadherin 2 in HCT116 cells; B: The expression of Ki-67 in the nucleus was determined via immunofluorescence; C and D: Apoptosis of HCT116 cells was observed by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide co-staining E: Crystal violet staining image of HCT116 cells in the lower chamber (100 ×); F: Quantitative analysis of HCT116 cell numbers in the lower chamber. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group; ^bP < 0.01 vs control group. CDH2: Cadherin 2; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.