Socioeconomic traits and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization study

Figure 3 Mediation effects by multiple mediators on Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease. A: Mediation analysis between education attainment and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The proportion of the effect of educational attainment on GERD was mediated by major depressive disorder (MDD; proportion mediated: 10.83%); B: Mediation analysis between education attainment and Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The effect of educational attainment on BE was mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.58%) and cigarettes smoked per day (proportion mediated: 3.50%); C: Mediation analysis between household income and GERD. Household income had a 9.75% mediating effect on GERD through sleep duration. βa: The effect of socioeconomic status on the risk of modifiable risk factors; βb: The effect of modifiable risk factors on the risk of Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease after adjusting socioeconomic status traits. MDD: Major depressive disorder; GRED: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.