Early monitoring values of oncogenic signalling molecules for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Summary of univariate and multivariable analysis of overall survival for hepatocellular carcinoma

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
HMGB3[32]
Tumor diameter: ≤ 5 vs > 5 cm	1.863 (1.300-2.671)	< 0.001	1.400 (0.964-2.034)	0.077
TNM stage: I/II vs III/IV	3.870 (2.373-6.309)	< 0.001	2.471 (1.350-4.525)	0.003
HMGB3 expression: High vs low	3.658 (2.208-6.061)	< 0.001	3.042 (1.809-5.115)	< 0.001
Ang-2[39]
Tumor diameter: ≤ 2 vs > 2 cm	1.704 (0.994-2.921)	0.052	1.120 (0.622-2.015)	0.706
TNM stage: I/II vs III/IV	1.690 (1.283-2.228)	< 0.001	1.531 (1.041-2.252)	0.030
Ang-2 expression: High vs low	3.080 (1.742-5.466)	< 0.001	3.144 (1.738-5.689)	< 0.001
Wnt3a[56,57]
Tumor diameter: ≤ 2 vs > 2 cm	2.056 (1.056-4.089)	0.030	2.018 (1.058-3.912)	0.031
TNM stage: I/II vs III/IV	0.686 (0.328-1.436)	0.318	NA	NA
Wnt3a expression: High vs low	5.656 (2.682-11.926)	< 0.001	3.651 (1.973-6.757)	< 0.001
GPC-3[73]
Tumor diameter: ≤ 3 vs > 3 cm	2.011 (1.498-3.869)	0.034	NA	NA
TNM stage: I/II vs III/IV	1.961 (1.443-2.486)	< 0.001	NA	NA
GPC-3 expression: High vs low	12.697 (3.097-52.050)	< 0.0001	4.259 (2.030-8.934)	< 0.001
GP73[78,79]
Tumor diameter: ≤ 2 vs > 2 cm	0.990 (0.506-1.938)	0.978	NA	NA
TNM stage: I/II vs III/IV	0.231 (0.121-0.440)	< 0.001	0.221 (0.114-0.426)	< 0.001
GP73 expression: High vs low	1.008 (1.002-1.014)	0.005	0.477 (0.272-0.837)	0.010
sCLU[92,95]
Tumor diameter: ≤ 5 vs > 5 cm	1.758 (0.987-2.968)	0.036	NA	NA
TNM stage: I/II vs III/IV	3.056 (1.756-5.321)	< 0.001	1.474 (0.589-3.690)	0.407
sCLU expression: High vs low	2.030 (0.987-4.175)	0.004	NA	NA

Ang-2: Angiopoietin-2; CI: Confidence interval; GP73: Golgi protein 73; GPC-3: Glypican-3; HMGB3: High mobility group-box 3; HR: Hazard ratio; NA: Not available; Sclu: Secretory clusterin; TNM: Tumor node metastasis; Wnt3a: One of the signaling molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.