Perioperative remedial antiviral therapy in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma resection: How to achieve a better outcome

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival and disease-free survival of patients who underwent antiviral therapy, n (%)

Factors	No. of patients	Overall survival						Disease-free survival
		Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis			Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		HR	(95%CI)	P value	HR	(95%CI)	P value	HR	(95%CI)	P value	HR	(95%CI)	P value
Antiviral treatment		0.370	0.22-0.6	< 0.001	0.270	0.08-0.88	0.030	0.680	0.47-0.98	0.036	1.160	0.66-2.04	0.609
Perioperative	108 (50.0)
Long-term	108 (50.0)
Sex		0.930	0.49-1.76	0.820				1.260	0.73-2.16	0.408
Male	183 (84.7)
Female	33 (15.3)
Age		1.080	0.65-1.8	0.753				0.820	0.54-1.24	0.338
≤ 60 yr	157 (72.7)
> 60 yr	59 (27.3)
Treatment after resection		0.750	0.5-1.13	0.165				0.890	0.7-1.13	0.331
TACE	63 (69.2)
RFA	11 (12.1)
TACE and RFA	10 (11.0)
Radio/chemo	7 (7.7)
ALT		1.730	1.09-2.75	0.019	2.360	0.88-6.31	0.088	1.230	0.86-1.77	0.261
≤ 40 IU/L	120 (55.8)
> 40 IU/L	95 (44.2)
AST		2.470	1.51-4.05	< 0.001	0.250	0.08-0.84	0.244	1.730	1.19-2.5	0.004	0.720	0.41-1.25	0.239
≤ 35 IU/L	102 (47.4)
> 35 IU/L	113 (52.6)
HBeAg		1.720	1.08-2.76	0.023	1.530	0.62-3.77	0.357	1.170	0.8-1.71	0.425
Negative	149 (69.0)
Positive	67 (31.0)
Hemoglobin		1.180	0.72-1.94	0.518				1.460	0.98-2.18	0.066
≤ 130 g/L	74 (34.3)
> 130 g/L	144 (65.7)
Creatinine		0.860	0.12-6.17	0.877				1.280	0.32-5.18	0.730
≤ 97 μmol/L	215 (98.6)
> 97 μmol/L	3 (1.4)
Platelets		1.040	0.65-1.66	0.870				1.280	0.88-1.86	0.195
≤ 120 × 109/L	85 (39.4)
> 120 × 109/L	131 (60.5)
Leukocytes		1.440	0.63-3.33	0.390				1.390	0.68-2.85	0.370
≤ 9.5 × 109/L	203 (94.0)
> 9.5 × 109/L	13 (6.0)
Neutrophils		1.110	0.64-1.9	0.716				1.060	0.69-1.64	0.782
≤ 75%	171 (79.2)
> 75%	45 (20.8)
Bilirubin		2.040	1.27-3.27	0.003	2.010	0.82-4.93	0.127	1.270	0.88-1.82	0.197
≤ 17 μmol/L	112 (51.9)
> 17 μmol/L	104 (48.1)
Albumin		0.820	0.48-1.38	0.450				1.340	0.85-2.1	0.203
≤ 35 g/L	50 (23.1)
> 35 g/L	166 (76.9)
Prothrombin time		1.190	0.48-2.95	0.707				0.980	0.48-2.01	0.955
≤ 13 s	13 (6.0)
> 13 s	203 (94.0)
International normalized ratio		1.670	0.86-3.27	0.131				1.180	0.66-2.1	0.575
≤ 1.3	193 (89.4)
> 1.3	23 (10.6)
Alpha fetoprotein		3.050	1.85-5.02	< 0.001	0.620	0.22-1.69	0.348	2.320	1.56-3.44	0.000	0.920	0.51-1.66	0.790
≤ 400 μg/L	149 (69.0)
> 400 μg/L	67 (31.0)
HBV-DNA level		3.060	1.84-5.1	< 0.001	1.940	0.67-5.61	0.221	1.440	0.94-2.19	0.091
≤ 10000 copies/mL	124 (72.5)
> 10000 copies/mL	47 (27.5)
Operation information
Type		2.560	1.58-4.15	0.000	2.820	1-7.92	0.049	1.830	1.27-2.64	0.001	1.050	0.56-1.96	0.882
I (low range)	108 (50.2)
II (middle range)	32 (14.9)
III (high range)	75 (34.9)
Liver fibrosis		0.610	0.36-1.05	0.073				0.800	0.52-1.25	0.326
No	40 (18.5)
Yes	176 (81.5)
Operation time		1.630	0.99-2.68	0.054				1.490	1.01-2.18	0.044	1.280	0.65-2.51	0.475
≤ 3 h	82 (38.0)
> 3 h	134 (62.0)
Blood loss		2.350	1.25-4.42	0.008	1.560	0.55-4.42	0.402	1.930	1.21-3.07	0.006	1.590	0.85-2.99	0.147
≤ 400 mL	61 (39.9)
> 400 mL	92 (60.1)
Resection Margins		0.930	0.53-1.62	0.796				0.800	0.51-1.26	0.344
≤ 1	157 (75.8)
> 1	50 (24.2)
Tumor information
Capsular invasion		4.350	2.21-8.54	< 0.001	9.560	2.45-37.28	0.001	2.710	1.71-4.29	0.000	1.540	0.81-2.94	0.185
No	68 (31.9)
Yes	145 (68.1)
Tumor diameter		4.110	2.5-6.75	< 0.001	1.010	0.31-3.33	0.983	2.750	1.91-3.98	0.000	1.550	0.77-3.13	0.217
≤ 5 cm	121 (56.0)
> 5 cm	95 (44.0)
Tumor number		1.680	1.24-2.27	< 0.001	2.640	1.32-5.27	0.006	1.690	1.21-2.38	0.002	1.260	0.74-2.16	0.400
Single	198 (91.7)
Numerous	18 (8.3)
BCLC stage		4.930	2.94-8.29	< 0.001	0.710	0.12-4.28	0.706	4.320	2.75-6.78	0.000	2.480	0.56-10.93	0.230
O	24 (11.1)
A	165 (76.4)
B	7 (3.2)
C	20 (9.3)
Tumor differentiation		0.400	0.25-0.64	< 0.001	0.130	0.05-0.32	0.000	0.670	0.45-1	0.051
Poor	53 (25.0)
Moderate	151 (71.2)
High	8 (3.8)
Portal vein invasion		5.130	2.84-9.26	< 0.001	22.850	2.09-249.85	0.010	4.590	2.78-7.59	0.000	1.230	0.24-6.37	0.803
No	196 (90.7)
Yes	20 (9.3)
MVI		2.550	1.52-4.28	< 0.001	1.740	0.62-4.88	0.291	2.240	1.51-3.32	0.000	2.110	1.07-4.19	0.032
0	91 (42.1)
1	68 (31.5)
2	57 (26.4)
Satellite lesions		2.150	1.13-4.09	0.020	2.130	0.56-8.16	0.268	3.080	1.87-5.08	0.000	2.330	1.09-4.95	0.028
No	193 (10.6)
Yes	23 (89.4)

TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; RFA: Radio frequency ablation; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e Antigen; BCLC stage: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; MVI: Microvascular invasion; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.