Copyright
©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2024; 16(5): 1808-1820
Published online May 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1808
Published online May 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1808
Table 1 Baseline characteristics in training, test, and validation sets for predicting vessels encapsulating tumor clusters, n (%)
Characteristic | Training set (n = 177) | Test set (n = 78) | Validation set (n = 54) | ||||
VETC negative (n = 91) | VETC positive (n = 86) | P value | VETC negative (n = 37) | VETC positive (n = 41) | VETC negative (n = 26) | VETC positive (n = 28) | |
Clinical features | |||||||
Age | 55.960 ± 10.102 | 54.350 ± 11.541 | 0.323 | 54.590 ± 9.494 | 58.510 ± 12.386 | 56.270 ± 10.294 | 58.930 ± 8.675 |
Gender | 0.578 | ||||||
Male | 71 (40.1) | 70 (39.5) | 32 (41.0) | 36 (46.2) | 22 (40.7) | 22 (40.7) | |
Female | 20 (11.3) | 16 (9.0) | 5 (6.4) | 5 (6.4) | 4 (7.4) | 6 (11.1) | |
Liver disease | 0.750 | ||||||
HAV | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
HBV | 77 (43.5) | 75 (42.4) | 35 (44.9) | 37 (47.4) | 19 (35.2) | 25 (46.3) | |
HCV | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
None | 11 (6.2) | 8 (4.5) | 2 (2.6) | 4 (5.1) | 5 (9.3) | 3 (5.6) | |
AFP-L3 | 0.886 | ||||||
Negative | 69 (39.0) | 66 (37.3) | 28 (35.9) | 34 (43.6) | 20 (37.0) | 21 (38.9) | |
Positive | 22 (12.4) | 20 (11.3) | 9 (11.5) | 7 (9.0) | 6 (11.1) | 7 (13.0) | |
AFP_lg10 | 1.07 (0.49-2.05) | 1.48 (0.92-2.36) | 0.009 | 1.10 (0.64-1.85) | 1.47 (0.85-2.45) | 1.23 (0.69-1.90) | 1.95 (0.90-2.64) |
PIVKA-II (mAU/mL) | 50 (27.00-194.05) | 83 (28.00-213.75) | 0.635 | 41 (24.5-135.5) | 88 (31.00-193.52) | 58 (27.75-321.5) | 60 (23.00-295.75) |
CA199 (U/mL) | 12.6 (7.6-21.7) | 17.85 (7.4-32.5) | 0.003 | 16.7 (10.6-27.6) | 19.6 (10.4-28.9) | 18.66 (9.4-29.4) | 28.3 (13.6-49.4) |
HBsAg | 0.621 | ||||||
Negative | 14 (7.9) | 11 (6.2) | 2 (2.6) | 6 (7.7) | 7 (13.0) | 4 (7.4) | |
Positive | 77 (43.5) | 75 (42.4) | 35 (44.9) | 35 (44.9) | 19 (35.2) | 24 (44.4) | |
HBV/C-DNA, IU/mL | 0.083 | ||||||
< 50 | 55 (31.1) | 37 (20.9) | 20 (25.6) | 23 (29.5) | 15 (27.8) | 17 (31.5) | |
50-103 | 10 (5.6) | 17 (9.6) | 8 (10.3) | 7 (9.0) | 6 (11.1) | 3 (5.6) | |
103-105 | 14 (7.9) | 13 (7.3) | 4 (5.1) | 5 (6.4) | 3 (5.6) | 4 (7.4) | |
> 105 | 12 (6.8) | 19 (10.7) | 5 (6.4) | 6 (7.7) | 2 (3.7) | 3 (5.6) | |
MRI features | |||||||
Tumor diameter (cm) | 2.151 ± 0.590 | 2.185 ± 0.560 | 0.689 | 2.089 ± 0.590 | 2.083 ± 0.620 | 2.371 ± 0.600 | 2.086 ± 0.600 |
Tumor number | 0.894 | ||||||
Solitary | 82 (46.3) | 78 (44.1) | 33 (42.3) | 38 (48.7) | 26 (48.1) | 25 (46.3) | |
Multiple | 9 (5.1) | 8 (4.5) | 4 (5.1) | 3 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.6) | |
Shape | 0.004 | ||||||
Regular | 54 (30.5) | 32 (18.1) | 17 (21.8) | 15 (19.2) | 22 (40.7) | 15 (27.8) | |
Irregular | 37 (20.9) | 54 (30.5) | 20 (25.6) | 26 (33.3) | 4 (7.4) | 13 (24.1) | |
Margin | 0.003 | ||||||
Smooth | 52 (29.4) | 30 (16.9) | 22 (28.2) | 8 (10.3) | 21 (38.9) | 15 (27.8) | |
Non-smooth | 39 (22.0) | 56 (31.6) | 15 (19.2) | 33 (42.3) | 5 (9.3) | 13 (24.1) | |
Radiological capsule enhancement | 0.231 | ||||||
Complete | 25 (14.1) | 33 (18.6) | 11 (14.1) | 6 (7.7) | 17 (31.5) | 13 (24.1) | |
Incomplete | 49 (27.7) | 36 (20.3) | 16 (20.5) | 27 (34.6) | 4 (7.4) | 9 (16.7) | |
Absent | 17 (9.6) | 17 (9.6) | 10 (12.8) | 8 (10.3) | 5 (9.3) | 6 (11.1) | |
Restricted diffusion | 0.276 | ||||||
Present | 88 (49.7) | 80 (45.2) | 36 (46.2) | 35 (44.9) | 25 (46.3) | 28 (51.9) | |
Absent | 3 (1.7) | 6 (3.4) | 1 (1.3) | 6 (7.7) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
Non-rim APHE | 0.689 | ||||||
Present | 67 (37.9) | 61 (34.5) | 23 (29.5) | 28 (35.9) | 24 (44.4) | 24 (44.4) | |
Absent | 24 (13.6) | 25 (14.1) | 14 (17.9) | 13 (16.7) | 2 (3.7) | 4 (7.4) | |
Rim APHE | 0.037 | ||||||
Absent | 27 (15.3) | 14 (7.9) | 24 (30.8) | 32 (41.0) | 24 (44.4) | 22 (40.7) | |
Present | 64 (36.2) | 72 (40.7) | Present | 13 (16.7) | 9 (11.5) | 2 (3.7) | 6 (11.1) |
Arterial peritumoral enhancement | < 0.001 | ||||||
Absent | 83 (46.9) | 52 (29.4) | 34 (43.6) | 27 (34.6) | 22 (40.7) | 15 (27.8) | |
Present | 8 (4.5) | 34 (19.2) | 3 (3.8) | 14 (17.9) | 4 (7.4) | 13 (24.1) | |
Nonperipheral “washout” | 0.823 | ||||||
Present | 61 (34.5) | 59 (33.3) | 21 (26.9) | 29 (37.2) | 19 (35.2) | 22 (40.7) | |
Absent | 30 (16.9) | 27 (15.3) | 16 (20.5) | 12 (15.4) | 7 (13.0) | 6 (11.1) | |
Enhancement pattern | 0.832 | ||||||
Typical | 60 (33.9) | 58 (32.8) | 20 (25.6) | 28 (35.9) | 19 (35.2) | 22 (40.7) | |
Atypical | 31 (17.5) | 28 (15.8) | 17 (21.8) | 13 (16.7) | 7 (13.0) | 6 (11.1) |
- Citation: Chen HL, He RL, Gu MT, Zhao XY, Song KR, Zou WJ, Jia NY, Liu WM. Nomogram prediction of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters in small hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 3 cm based on enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(5): 1808-1820
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i5/1808.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1808