Computed tomography-based radiomics diagnostic approach for differential diagnosis between early- and late-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Figure 2 Computed tomography images of two representative cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A-C: A 54-year-old man with stage IB pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Computed tomography (CT) imaging showed a well-defined, predominantly solid tumor (white arrow), 3.0 cm in diameter in the tail of the pancreas. No obvious lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, or distal metastasis was found. TNM classification: T2N0M0 (IB); D-F: A 44-year-old man with stage IV PDAC. CT imaging showed an ill-defined, predominantly solid tumor (white arrow), 4.1 cm in diameter in the tail of the pancreas. The left adrenal gland (orange arrow) was grossly invaded by the tumor. TNM classification: T3N1M1 (IV).