New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1134

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2024; 16(4): 1134-1153
Published online Apr 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1134

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Figure 2 Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of T cell-associated immunosuppression. MDSCs: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; TME: Tumor microenvironment; TCR: Intrinsic T-cell receptor; TAM: Tumor-associated macrophage; IRs: Inhibitory receptors; TIM-3: Mucin-3/T-cell immunoglobulin; LAG-3: T-cell activation gene; TGF: Transforming growth factor; PD-1: Programmed cell death-1; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma.

Citation: Silva LGO, Lemos FFB, Luz MS, Rocha Pinheiro SL, Calmon MDS, Correa Santos GL, Rocha GR, de Melo FF. New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(4): 1134-1153
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i4/1134.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1134