New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1134

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2024; 16(4): 1134-1153
Published online Apr 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1134

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Figure 1 Simplified scheme of the tumor microenvironment. PSCs: Pancreatic stellate cells; CXCL2: C-X-C chemokine ligand 2; iCAFs: Inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts; apCAF: Antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblast; ECM: Extracellular matrix; TAM: Tumor-associated macrophage; MHC II: Major histocompatibility complex class II; IL: Interleukin; TGF: Transforming growth factor.

Citation: Silva LGO, Lemos FFB, Luz MS, Rocha Pinheiro SL, Calmon MDS, Correa Santos GL, Rocha GR, de Melo FF. New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(4): 1134-1153
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i4/1134.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1134